The ultrastructure of the jaws of Ordovician, Silurian, Permian and Recent Eunicida (Polychaeta) have been studied by transmission and scanning f'lectron microscopy. Primary and secondary zones have been distinguished in the ultrastructure of the jaws. The primary zone is formed of the pharyngeal cuticle containing an orthogonal network of collagen fibrils, while the secondary zone, underlying ...

For patients whose orthodontic problems are so severe that neither growth modification nor camouflage offers a solution, surgery to realign the jaws or reposition dentoalveolar segments is the only possible treatment. Surgery is not a substitute for orthodontics in these patients. Instead, it must be properly coordinated with orthodontics and other dental treatments to achieve good overall resu...

statement of problem: chondrosarcoma is a tumor which includes 10 percent of the bone primary tumors. its prevalence is half of the osteosarcoma and two times of ewing’s. the mean age of the patients ranges between 30-50 years of old. there is no significant sex or race predilection. the most common complaint is the presence of a painless and enlarging mass. its clinical course is described as ...

INTRODUCTION The ectopic ciliated cyst is a rare non-odontogenic cyst which occurs as a delayed complication after maxillary sinus radical surgery; this lesion emerges due to the destruction of the sinus mucosa during the surgery and entrapment of the respiratory epithelium in the region. This lesion has been observed in very rare cases following genioplasty and bimaxillary orthognathic surgery...

Conventional endoscopic surgery has some drawbacks that can be addressed by using robots. The robotic systems used for surgery are still in their infancy. A major deficiency is the lack of haptic feedback to the surgeon. In this paper, the benefits of haptic feedback in robot-assisted surgery are discussed. A novel robotic end-effector is then described that meets the requirements of endoscopic...

Vertebrate dentitions originated in the posterior pharynx of jawless fishes more than half a billion years ago. As gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates) evolved, teeth developed on oral jaws and helped to establish the dominance of this lineage on land and in the sea. The advent of oral jaws was facilitated, in part, by absence of hox gene expression in the first, most anterior, pharyngeal arch. Muc...

The independent evolution of the two toothed jaws of cichlid fishes is thought to have promoted their unparalleled ecological divergence and species richness. However, dental divergence in cichlids could exhibit substantial genetic covariance and this could dictate how traits like tooth numbers evolve in different African Lakes and on their two jaws. To test this hypothesis, we used a hybrid ma...

BACKGROUND Intraosseous vascular malformations represent a rare clinical entity of the facial skeleton. The purpose of the current study was to present our experience in a Greek paediatric population and propose guidelines for the treatment of these jaws anomalies in children and adolescents. METHODS A retrospective study (from 2009 to 2014) was performed to investigate the features and manag...

INTRODUCTION Needlefish penetrating injuries have become a worldwide problem, inflicting critical morbidities and even mortalities. This is the first published case of needlefish injury in the Mediterranean basin. CASE REPORT A 29 year old man was admitted to Meir Medical Centre in Israel with a penetrating facial wound caused by elongated needlefish jaws. The severity of the wound contrasted...