background: nicotine can pass through placental blood barrier and accumulate in the developing organs of fetus. also, entering the breast milk, nicotine can have an effect on the neonates. investigations have showed that collagen iv is one of the most important micro vessels basement membrane components. objective:  in this study, the effect of maternal nicotine exposure in pre and postnatal pe...

Dental caries is the most common chronic childhood disease. Deep caries and dental trauma are the two main etiologic factors responsible for pulp involvement. Better knowledge of the morphology of the root canals of deciduous teeth can improve the outcome of pulp treatment. In this study, 90 deciduous molar teeth (27 first mandibular molars, 27 first maxillary molars, 22 second mandibular molar...

INTRODUCTION To compare the apical extrusion of debris produced during root obturating material removal from severely curved root canals using either Reciproc (REC) or ProTaper Next (PTN) systems. METHODS AND MATERIALS Twenty-six mesial canals of lower molars were instrumented, filled and allocated into two groups (n=13). Micro-computed tomographic images were performed to determine the root ...

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mesiobuccal root canal morphologies and interorifice distances maxillary first molars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). 
 Methods: CBCT images 477 patients who had undergone for various reasons were examined 654 included in according criteria. Results: most common configuration observed roots type II (p < 0.05). median distance 2...

This case report describes an endodontic treatment of a mandibular second premolar with type IV root canal. A 26-year-old male patient reported pain in right mandibular second premolar. Clinical examination showed a large carious lesion with pulp exposure. Radiographs showed minimal periapical changes and slight widening of periodontal ligament space. Mandibular second premolars usually have on...

The purpose of this study was to investigate canal configuration of mandibular first premolars in an Egyptian population. Two hundred fifty human extracted mandibular first premolars were collected from Egyptian patients and a small hole in the center of the occlusal surface of each tooth was made perforating the roof of the pulp chamber. Teeth were decalcified by immersing in nitric acid and d...

background: root morphology is of utmost importance to endodontic sciences. since there are a few studies on the morphology of mandibular second molars’ roots, and some anatomical variables are not evaluated before, the aim of this study was to investigate thoroughly radicular anatomy of this tooth. materials and methods: this ex vivo study was performed on 150 intact mandibular second molars. ...

Introduction: Considering the importance of avoiding the outcomes of injury to the inferior alveolar nerve and its accessory branches, the present study was conducted with the purpose of determining the frequency of bifid mandibular canals using cone beam computed tomography images in an Iranian population. Materials and methods: In this cross sectional study, 221 CBCT images were evaluated ...

Purpose: The present study investigated the root canal configuration of maxillary second molars with fusion using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).
 Materials & Methods: A total 136 fused were scanned tomography. Images transferred to CTAn v.1.18.8 software (Bruker-microCT) obtain three-dimensional models. specimens classified according type. According Vertucci, classification root...