Recent reports have suggested that environmental chemicals may be associated with endocrine alterations in people, wildlife, and experimental animals. Pharmacological investigations as well as natural poisoning episodes have led to the association between exogenous chemicals and alterations in multiple hormonal systems. Persistent environmental contaminants such as dioxins and PCBs have been sh...

1A. What is the nature of the condition or illness? In Case A, follow-up consultations after cancer surgery and routine consultations for young adults with diabetes were fairly predictable and consistent; the few unpredictable eventualities were low-risk. In contrast, diabetes in pregnancy is a volatile condition and if poorly controlled can lead to fetal malformations or death. The physician f...

Since the time of Hippocrates it has been the accepted tradition of the medical profession that the doctor's duty is to preserve, not to destroy, human life, even the life of the unborn child. This doctrine has been confirmed and strengthened throughout the Christian era until quite recent times. For the Catholic Church (and for many Christians outside its ranks), the prohibition is still absol...

A good nutritional status maintained by the mother during pregnancy help to grow strong, healthy placenta, which determines birth weight and future health of baby in adult life. Similarly positive emotions like love, joy, gratitude thought parent brings growth unborn child womb mother. Whereas negative thoughts, depression stress injures child. Hence concept Sanskar (good thought) imparted righ...

Assisted reproductive techniques have been a great blessing for the infertile couple. Some have questioned their use, citing the unknown risk to the unborn child. The emergence of one of the newest techniques, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, has again sparked debate on the ethics of assisted reproductive techniques. Those who oppose intracytoplasmic sperm injections use are primarily concerne...

The study investigated the determinants of birth weight in Botswana using instrumental variable (2SLS) model applied to the Botswana Family Health Survey (BFHS) data for 1996. The findings suggest that birth weight is positively and significantly influenced by the mother’s socioeconomic characteristics (tetanus immunization status, age, education level) and the husband’s education level. From t...

In recent years, we have observed causes of congenital or early onset hearing disorders that had not been recognized or known to exist before. These include drugs passed to an as-yet unborn child. Principal among them is alcohol, but others, such as cocaine, are now also occupying our attention. This article reviews the effects of such exposure on the communication skills of children who had be...