UNLABELLED Anecdotal evidence suggests that chronic bladder pain improves while breastfeeding. The present study sought to identify potential mechanisms for such a phenomenon by investigating the effects of the lactogenic hormones prolactin (PL) and oxytocin (OXY) in a rat model of bladder nociception. Lactating rats were less sensitive to urinary bladder distension (UBD) than controls. In inve...

Cockayne syndrome B (CSB), best known for its role in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER), contains a ubiquitin-binding domain (UBD), but the functional connection between protein ubiquitylation and this UBD remains unclear. Here, we show that CSB is regulated via site-specific ubiquitylation. Mass spectrometry analysis of CSB identified lysine (K) 991 as a ubiquitylation ...

Introduction: Osteochondrosis dissecans (OD) is a chronic subchondral lesion potentially affecting almost every joint. The etiology still remains unclear. Vascular, traumatic, infectious and genetic causes have been discussed. While stage I (Berndt and Harty classification) can spontaneously heal, the next stages require operative treatment. At stage II it consists of a retrograde drilling of t...

Post-translational modification by ubiquitin (ubiquitination, ubiquitylation, ubiquitinylation) is used as a robust signaling mechanism in a variety of processes that are essential for cell homeostasis. Its signaling specificity is conferred by the inherent dynamics of ubiquitin, the multivalency of ubiquitin chains, and its subcellular context, often defined by ubiquitin receptors and the subs...

= zu2(i + k) for all i E I,. If I = Z we call w a Z-word or a bi-infinite word. If I is finite we call x finite and its length Ixl is defined as The usual notation for a finite word of length n is x = xi ... zn where all xi E {a, &}. We write {a, b}* for the collection of finite words and {a, b~+ for the nonempty finite words. (The empty word will be denoted throughout by e). The concatena...

To overcome strong drilling force and over high temperature during orthopedic surgery, the four medical drills with different geometrical shapes by using superhard materials were designed. The bone drilling temperature field of superhard drill was theoretical analyzed. Results showed that brazed step drill has the most ideal drilling temperature. It controls the maximum bone temperature below 4...

The rheological and filtration properties of drilling mud under down-hole conditions may be very different from those measured at ambient pressures and temperatures at the surface. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation into the temperature and salinity and pH effects on drilling mud rheological and filtration properties. Results are given from tests on water base mud ...

The purpose of this research is to use the visual inspection technique for the automatic tool wear measurement of different coated drills. The tool wear images with the different coated drilling are captured using a machine vision system incorporating with an effective vertex detection algorithm based on subpixel edge detector and Gaussian filter is presented. The results show that the proposed...