Monte Carlo and theoretical studies of thin 3D films of biaxial and uniaxial nematics with tangential boundary conditions show distinct differences in structure and evolution of topological defects. In the uniaxial films, defects of strength k=+/-1 are point defects that bear no bulk singularity and disappear by annihilation with each other. In the biaxial films, k=+/-1 defects are true singula...

This study of woven fabric strength begins by focusing on the effects of the crossing points, where warp and weft yarns interlace with each other to form a fabric, towards the ultimate fabric tensile strength. When a fabric is under uniaxial or biaxial tension, the yarn-yarn interactions at the crossing points are found to consist of two components, a pressure-independent adhesive component and...

Due to the difficulty of performing uniaxial tensile testing, the strengths of graphene and its grain boundaries have been measured in experiments by nanoindentation testing. From a series of molecular dynamics simulations, we find that the strength measured in uniaxial simulation and the strength estimated from the nanoindentation fracture force can differ significantly. Fracture in tensile lo...

The engineering tension test is widely used to provide basic design information on the strength of materials and as an acceptance test for the specification of materials. In the tension test a specimen is subjected to a continually increasing uniaxial tensile force while simultaneous observations are made of the elongation of the specimen. The parameters, which are used to describe the stress-s...

ABSTRACT: The mechanical parameters of constitutive equations for soil and rock can be determined by laboratory experiments in which a cylindrical specimen is commonly tested under uniaxial and triaxial compressive conditions. The distribution of stress in the specimen during the tests must be kept uniform and homogeneous. In this paper, numerical simulations are carried out to determine the di...