The effect of dilute, insoluble surfactant on the deformation and breakup of a viscous drop is examined. Two cases are considered: the deformation and stretching of a drop in a uniaxial extensional flow and the surface-tension-driven motion of an elongated drop in a quiescent fluid. Aside from resealing the mean capillary force through an average decrease in the interfacial tension, surfactants...

Filament stretching experiments are used to follow the evolution in the flow-induced birefringence (FIB) and the tensile force in polymeric fluid threads undergoing uniaxial elongation. The tests are performed with several monodisperse polystyrene solutions spanning concentrations from 0.025 to 12 wt.%, and the measurements are used to investigate the extent of hysteresis in the polymeric stres...

We evaluated amorphous silicon thin-film transistors ~TFTs! fabricated on polyimide foil under uniaxial compressive or tensile strain. The strain was induced by bending or stretching. The oncurrent and hence the electron linear mobility m depend on strain « as m5m0(11263«), where tensile strain has a positive sign and the strain is parallel to the TFT source-drain current path. Upon the applica...

Five entangled melts, with the number of entanglements per chain ranging from 25 to 160, have been studied to illustrate how cohesive strength can be overcome in either continuous or interrupted extension (i.e., during or after uniaxial stretching). The internal elastic stress due to chain deformation from imposed strain appears to be the cause of the observed yielding behavior that reveals sca...

Microtubules are structural components of the cytoskeleton that determine cell shape, polarity, and motility in cooperation with the actin filaments. In order to determine the role of microtubules in cell alignment, human airway smooth muscle cells were exposed to cyclic uniaxial stretch. Human airway smooth muscle cells, cultured on type I collagen-coated elastic silicone membranes, were stret...

We predict a previously unknown phase transformation from wurtzite to a graphitelike (P6(3)/mmc) hexagonal structure in [0110]-oriented ZnO nanowires under uniaxial tensile loading. Molecular dynamics simulations and first principles calculations show that this structure corresponds to a distinct minimum on the enthalpy surfaces of ZnO for such loading conditions. This transformation is reversi...

A thin filament model is used to analyze the stability of a viscoelastic thread subject to uniaxial stretching. Linear stability analysis is carried out for a number of different constitutive models, namely the Johnson–Segalman, Giesekus, Phan–Thien Tanner, and FENE–CR. Our analysis shows that stability is controlled by the competing effects of surface tension which is destabilizing and axial n...