The filtration characteristics of simulated dyeing effluents containing Acid Orange 7, sodium sulfate, and a pH buffer made of acetic acid and sodium acetate is described using a commercially available nanofiltration membrane. The original membrane filtration properties were characterized with deionized water to provide a baseline of membrane performance. At high volumetric concentration of the...

The up flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) has been used successfully treat a variety of wastewaters. The aim of this review is to synthesize and analyze information on how the process of granulation is affected by environmental and operational conditions in the reactor. The factors reviewed are strength of substrate, nutrients, multivalent cations and heavy metals, exocellular polymer...

The anaerobic treatability of malt whisky distillery wastewater was investigated. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) experiments were conducted both with and without basal medium (BM) to observe the effect of nutrient supplementation. For batch reactors containing no nutrients but only NaHCO3, net total gas production at the end of 29 days were observed as 0.019 m 3 gas/kg COD removed. With nu...

This study investigated the effect, on reactor performance and biomass retention inside the bed, of the material used to make the supports of anaerobic fixed-bed reactors. Three inert supports of similar shape but made of three different materials polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, high-density polyethylene were manufactured and used. All three supports had the same specific surface area but di...

Dairy industries have shown tremendous growth in size and number in most countries of the world. These industries discharge wastewater which is characterized by high chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, nutrients, and organic and inorganic contents. Such wastewaters, if discharged without proper treatment, severely pollute receiving water bodies. For treatment of dairy waste water,...

Under anaerobic conditions, organic pollutants in wastewater are degraded by microbes producing methane and carbon dioxide. The degradation process is effective compared to the more conventional aerobic processes and produces only 5-10% of sludge. This saves considerably on cost associated with the sludge disposal. Among anaerobic technologies, the most popular ones is the upflow anaerobic slud...

Most of the slaughterhouses in the state of Kerala (India) do not have proper and effective effluent treatment facilities. Collection of blood and separation of manure to reduce the very high organic load of the effluent are also not practiced. As a result, large volumes of extremely complex effluents with high content of fat, grease, and protein are discharged into land or water bodies causing...

Anaerobic dechlorination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) was studied in two upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors. One reactor received glucose (0.9 g liter-1) as an additional carbon source; the other one served as a control. The concentration of PCP in the medium was 4.5 and 3.0 mg liter-1 in the experimental and control reactors, respectively. The reactors were inoculated with granular sludge ...

A model describing both physical and biological processes in Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactors was developed. The main objective of the modelling was to take into account the transient growth of the microorganisms from the start-up of the reactor until a steady state is reached. In addition, the model considers the degradation of the substrate and its reaction with the biomass, wh...