the main purpose of this paper is to study urban management performance in public green spaces (parks) based on economical indexes, social indexes and environmental indexes. for this purposes, we use topsis method that is one of the methods of multiple criteria decision making. the data was obtained through interview and also a questionnaire which was distributed among about 1000 families of ma...

Inequality in access to quality healthcare is a major health policy challenge in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the major sources of inequity in healthcare utilization using a population-based household survey from urban Nepal. A cross-sectional survey was conducted covering 9177 individuals residing in 1997 households in five municipalities of Kathmandu val...

BACKGROUND Socioeconomic variables are associated with mortality and morbidity in a variety of diseases at both the individual and neighborhood level. Investigating whether low socioeconomic status populations are exposed to higher air pollution has been an important objective for the scientific community during the last decade. The goal of this study was to analyze the associations between out...

Urban spatial expansion characteristics are the responses of urbanization acts on the geographical space. Analyzing the characteristics can reveal the process of urban expansion and mechanism which is one of useful methods to find out the sustainable land use strategy balancing development and protection. In this paper, two main methods have been deployed in analyzing the spatial expansion char...

The presented study investigated the effect of index concentration on component security and variances to explore possibility risk its impact performance in different markets. also 1/n with market cap find possible costs for investors. We analyzed BRICSU (BRICS plus USA) by applying various tools measures determining volatility returns help mean–variance model. did a simple simulation understan...

in this study myer index was calculated for six groups of a sample of urban and rural population of iran, classified by population size. the data used were information collected on 146116 urban and 158124 rural populations, for estimation of death, birth and growth rates in iran. the results indicate: the range of the index varies between 23.14-68.06 for women and 28.41-69.62 for men (urban or ...

to study the effects of soil amendments on physical and hydraulic properties of a saline-sodic sandy clay loam soil, a field experiment was carried out as a complete block design with three replications. the treatments in this research consisted of control (b), 10 ton ha-1 gypsum (g), 10 ton ha-1 urban solid compost (c), three levels of vinyl alcohol acrylic acid (s1= 0.05%, s2= 0.1%, s3= 0.2%)...

A new descriptive index, the HHI (hypocalcification-hypoplasia index), is described for comparing enamel defects in groups of people. The index was used in a study completed in 1986, in which 1251 11-year-old children from different ethnic groups resident in South Africa were examined: 210 rural black, 203 urban black, 206 urban colored, 426 urban Indian, and 206 urban white. The index can be u...

the air quality in shiraz was assessed based on a one-week passive sampling campaign.during the first week of the summer 2003, about 400 passive samplers were used in groups of two andthree, so that 187 sampling stations covered all of shiraz. pollutant gases including so2, no2 and btx(benzene, toluene and xylene) were sampled by diffusive sampling tubes. collected samples wereanalyzed and poll...