like other developing countries, iranian cities are growing and expanding physically at a high speed. for about five decades, the only policy of the urban development plans in the field of urban growth management has been definition of the urban growth boundary (u.g.b.) which is still used without any major modifications.despite the slight evidences indicating the ineffectiveness of the current...

like other developing countries, iranian cities are growing and expanding physically at a high speed. for about five decades, the only policy of the urban development plans in the field of urban growth management has been definition of the urban growth boundary (u.g.b.) which is still used without any major modifications.despite the slight evidences indicating the ineffectiveness of the current...

1 Dynamic Traffic Management In urban areas, the infrastructure often represents a bottleneck due to traffic demand exceeding available road capacities. Here, dynamic traffic management is necessary in order to provide strategies for efficient control, e.g. by applying time-dependent signal plans. The traffic load typically varies strongly throughout the day. Therefore an adaptation of the traf...

BACKGROUND Inconsistencies in rural and urban health care exist; however, little has been done to evaluate the potential differences in asthma management. OBJECTIVE To compare asthma management in rural versus urban primary care physician practices. METHODS Forty-two of 136 consenting primary care physicians were randomly selected for chart review. The charts of 3072 patients diagnosed with...

Policies and rules by which land is governed are influenced political discourses, decisions about can provoke conflicts. In contexts of vague legal framework governing property right, planning tends to produce inequality could be observed as a instrument marginalization. Nevertheless, spatial indispensable for ensuring sustainable efficient governance. Ethiopia, urban considered unjust, often a...

planners have regarded understanding urban use per capita since the beginning of new thinking of urban development. this was stared with its pragmatics toward primary comprehensive urban plans and became a source for urban development plans that have tried to adapt per capita and standards with country’s conditions. iran's supreme council for planning and architecture, determined standards per ...

This policy brief provides findings about Medicare beneficiary enrollment in prescription drug plans (PDPs) in rural and urban areas across the United States, updating early findings from an analysis of plans presented in a previous RUPRI Center policy brief (PB2006-8).

Cities around the world are increasingly developing plans to adapt to the consequences of climate change. These plans will have important consequences for urban populations because they are likely to reshape and reconfigure urban infrastructures, services, and decision making processes. It is critical that these adaptation plans are developed in a way that is just. Criteria was developed that c...

Purpose. In this policy brief, we assess variation in Medicare’s star quality ratings of Medicare Advantage (MA) plans that are available to rural beneficiaries. Evidence from the recent Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) quality demonstration suggests that market dynamics, i.e., firms entering and exiting the MA marketplace, play a role in quality improvement. Therefore, we also di...