Early stage acute kidney injury (AKI) is an independent risk factor for an increase in mortality. Accurate assessment of volume status is a major challenge during the early stages of acute renal injury. Determining volume status based on the history and physical exam lacks accuracy. Urine sodium and free excretion of sodium (FENa) provide objective evidence of intravascular volume status when i...

Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Vitis indica were tested for diuretic activity in rats. The parameters studied on individual rats were body weight before and after test period, total urine volume, urine concentration of Na+,Ka+ and Cr. In the present study, alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Vitis indica leaves (200 mg/kg body weight) shows increase in urine volume, cationic and anionic excret...

Ab btract. To study the relationship between vasopressin and the renal kallikrein-kinin system we measured the rate of excretion of kinins into the urine of anesthetized rats during conditions of increased and decreased vasopressin level. The excretion of immunoreactive kinins in Brattleboro rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus (DI) (24±3 pg min-' kg-') was lower than in the control Long Eva...

BACKGROUND Increased fluid intake slows renal disease progression in animal models. The relevance of these findings to human renal disease is not clear, although increased fluid intake often is recommended to patients with chronic renal insufficiency. This study tested the hypothesis that urine volume, urine osmolality (Uosm), or both are significantly associated with glomerular filtration rate...

Adequate amniotic fluid (AF) volume is maintained by a balance of fetal fluid production (lung liquid and urine) and resorption (swallowing and intramembranous flow). Because fetal urine is the principle source of AF, alterations in urine flow and composition directly impact AF dynamics. Intra-amniotic 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) is rapidly absorbed into fetal plasma and induces...

Background: Preeclampsia is a serious complication of pregnancy, and it is vital to diagnosis the condition as early as possible. Proteinuria is an important symptom of preeclampsia, and repeated urine analysis to screen for the condition is part of the standard antenatal care. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between 4- and 24-hour urine total protein values to examin...

background & aim: this study evaluated prevention effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of punica granatum peel ethylene glycol-induced nephrolithiasis in wistar rats. experimental: 20 male wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups. group i animals served as normal control (a) and received distilled water for 28 days. group ii to iv animals received 1% v/v ethylene glycol (eg) in d...