The conventional separation of " valence " and " sea " quark distributions of a hadron implicitly assumes that the quark and anti-quark contributions to the sea are identical in shape, although this cannot be strictly correct due to the exclusion principle. A new sepnration of " bound va.lence " and " non-valence " quark distributions of a hadron is proposed which incorporates the Pauli princip...

Pressure dependence of the Ce valence in CeCu(2)Ge(2) has been measured up to 24 GPa at 300 K and to 17 GPa at 18-20 K using x-ray absorption spectroscopy in the partial fluorescence yield. A smooth increase of the Ce valence with pressure is observed across the two superconducting (SC) regions without any noticeable irregularity. The chemical pressure dependence of the Ce valence was also meas...

Asymmetry in distributions of potential outcomes (i.e. skewness), and whether those potential outcomes reflect gains or losses (i.e. their valence), both exert a powerful influence on value-based choice. How valence affects the impact of skewness on choice is unknown. Here by orthogonally manipulating the skewness and valence of economic stimuli we show that both have an influence on choice. We...

Valence and arousal has been found to influence memory performance, both independently and in interaction with each other. In order to conduct studies measuring the effect of valence on memory while controlling for arousal, we aimed to develop a validated list of Swedish words that were all rated medium on arousal, while rated neutral or negative on valence. 131 participants rated 50 words each...

The valence concept has been used in machine translation as well as didactics on order to build up valence dictionaries for the respective uses. Most valence dictionaries have been built up manually, but given the growing number of parallel resources, it would be desirable to automatically exploit them as basis for building up bilingual valence dictionaries. The present contribution reports on ...

We study the equilibrium binding properties of multivalent ligands and mixtures of ligands of diierent valence to cell surface receptors. We examine the eeects of changing cell density or number of receptors per cell, i.e., receptor concentration, over a wide but physiologically relevant range. Qualitatively diierent behaviour arises in the excess receptor regime, where the volume concentration...

Generalized valence bond plus configuration interaction calculations have been carried out on the monopositive diatomic metal hydride ions of the second transition-metal series (YH+-CdH+, including SrH'). We analyze the trends in bond energies, equilibrium geometries, vibrational frequencies, and metal orbital hybridizations. The trends in these quantities can be understood in terms of (1) the ...

Sentiment analysis assumes the task of identifying positive, negative, and neutral thoughts as well as emotional and subjective attitudes of the holder to the target audience, such as products, persons, or topics. Sentiment analysis is emerging as a research field attracting the scientific community. This includes the construction of emotional lexicons as a basis for other sentiment analysis pr...

The concept of green hydropower needs an evaluation procedure for the ecological upgrading of hydropower plants based on scientific criteria [1]. For the planning and evaluation of riverrestoration programs, concepts like “ecosystem integrity” or “river health” have been proposed and empirically tested. Computer programs have been developed, which allow the testing of alternative restoration co...

A descriptive model of strength of preference for options composed of multiple attributes is proposed. This focus shift model assumes that people judge strength of preference by weighting the desirable and undesirable features of choice alternatives. Judgments of how much better a superior option is can differ in absolute magnitude from the inverse judgment of how much worse an inferior option ...