ed away from view by this fetishisation. Fuller argues that “[software’s] ostensive neutrality can be taken as its ideological layer, as deserving of critique as any such myth” (Fuller, 2008b: p.3). Indeed, in direct contradiction and critique of this perceived neutrality, it is not difficult to find academic work that describes and discusses the cultural values bound up in software. Fuller’s e...

liberal thinkers believe that one of the main features of liberal public philosophy is the liberal state neutrality among competing attitudes of happiness. hence, one of the liberal ideals is that state refrains to determine the public goods and guiding people towards a particular virtue and so state remains neutral among opposition and competing views in this regard. by studying the books and ...

With public cloud providers poised to become indispensable utility providers, neutrality-related mandates will likely emerge to ensure a level playing field among their customers (“tenants”). We analogize with net neutrality to discuss: (i) what form cloud neutrality might take, (ii) what lessons might the net neutrality debate have to offer, and (iii) in what ways cloud neutrality would be dif...

Abstract Neutrality plays an important role as a null model in evolutionary biology. Recent theoretical advances suggest that neutrality is not a unitary concept, and we identify three distinct forms of neutrality. Eu-neutrality means that types do not differ in any measurable way and is thus the idealized form of neutrality. However, individuals or species that do differ in important ways can ...

Renegotiation-proof contracts are studied in infinitely repeated principalagent contracting. Contracts satisfying a weaker notion of renegotiationproofness always exist. With risk neutrality, efficient full-commitment contracts are renegotiation-proof if the agent’s expected lifetime utility is above a critical level; otherwise or if the agent is risk averse then efficient fullcommitment contra...

This chapter examines economists’ indefensible attachment to the positive-normative distinction, and suggests a behavioral economics explanation of their behavior on the subject. It reviews the origins of the distinction in Hume’s guillotine and logical positivism, and shows how they form the basis for Robbins’ understanding of value neutrality. It connects philosophers’ rejection of logical po...

This paper develops a Monte Carlo simulation method for solving option valuation problems. The method simulates the process generating the returns on the underlying asset and invokes the risk neutrality assumption to derive the value of the option. Techniques for improving the efficiency of the method are introduced. Some numerical examples are given to illustrate the procedure and additional a...

Abstract The principal of neutrality is a key principle the European Union (EU) Value Added Tax (VAT) system. concept tax has number dimensions and meanings. purpose article to examine whether shapes main elements VAT structure, what concepts are proper shape each those elements, how affects elements. method adopted for examination doctrinal – analysis Directive provisions (using formal-dogmati...

In Equal Recognition, Alan Patten aims at providing a firm philosophical foundation to minority rights. The main problem with the usual multiculturalist arguments defending such rights is that they are based on controversial conceptions of culture that are at odds with liberal neutrality. To avoid such difficulty, Patten’s argument for strong cultural rights is based on a commitment to neutrali...

We examine the welfare effects of product-line restrictions, such as those called for by some proponents of network neutrality regulation. We consider a platform that brings together households and application providers. We find that restricting a monopoly platform to a single product has the following effects: (a) application providers that would otherwise have purchased a lowquality variant a...