Economic load dispatch (ELD) is an important optimization task in power system. It is the process of allocating generation among the committed units such that the constraints imposed are satisfied and the energy requirements are minimized. There are three criteria in solving the economic load dispatch problem. They are minimizing the total generator operating cost, total emission cost and sched...

Recently, different metaheuristic techniques, their variants, and hybrid forms have been extensively used to solve economic load dispatch (ELD) problems with without valve point loading (VPL) effects. Due the randomization involved in these one has perform extensive runs for each experiment get an optimal solution. The process may sometimes become laborious time-consuming converge On other hand...

Valve surgery is very different from coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Over the natural history of valvular heart disease (VHD), the physiologic characteristics change markedly and, in the operating room, physiologic and hemodynamic conditions are quite variable and are readily influenced by anesthetic interventions. For some types of valve lesions it can be relatively difficult to predic...

This paper outlines the typical problems seen in reciprocating compressors and shows that the existing type of monitoring systems, consisting of vibration level, rod drop, rod runout, and valve cap temperatures, often misses many of them. The advanced compressor monitoring system, which uses dynamic compressor cylinder pressure, directly targets these areas. This system not only provides the in...

In this study it has been tried, to compare results and convergence rate of sensitivity analysis and conjugate gradient algorithms to reduce fuel consumption and increasing engine performance by optimizing the timing of opening and closing valves in XU7/L3 engine. In this study, considering the strength and accuracy of simulation GT-POWER software in researches on the internal combustion engine...

the depth control systems used in iranian tractors are mechanical and they produce variable tillage depth in uneven field surface. in this research a rotary type electronic control valve was designed and constructed. by using this valve, electro-hydraulic tillage depth control system was developed and installed on the tractor. the control system was composed of: a depth sensor, a programmable l...

In this article whale optimization algorithm (WOA) has been applied to solve the combined heat and power economic dispatch (CHPED) problem. The CHPED is energy system which provides both power. Due presence of valve point loading prohibited working region, problems become more complex one. main objective problem minimize total cost fuel as well with fulfill load demand. This technique shows sev...