The validity of value-added models (VAMs) of teacher effectiveness depends on the ability of the measures to isolate teachers’ contributions to their students’ achievement. Existing VAMs differ in key aspects of their empirical specifications, however, leaving policymakers with little clear guidance on what factors are important to include when constructing a fair model. We examine the sensitiv...

Many studies have shown that mycorrhizal inoculations enhance the growth and nutrient uptake by plants. However, in Nepal, the focus of study is being given to the leguminous plants. To study the effect of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) in the biomass production of wheat, common VAM fungus Glomus microcarpum was inoculated in four varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum) (i.e. WK 810, WK 1...

Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr. cv Hobbit) plants were grown in a growth chamber for 56 days in a phosphorus- and nitrogen-deficient soil and were colonized by the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd) Gerd. and Trappe and Rhizobium japonicum strain USDA 136, or by either organism alone, or by neither. Non-VAM plants received supplemental phosphorus and no...

INTRODUCTION Photorealistic simulations may provide efficient transfer of certain skills to the real system, but by being opaque may fail to encourage deeper learning of the structure and function of the system. Schematic simulations that are more abstract, with less visual fidelity but make system structure and function transparent, may enhance deeper learning and optimize retention and transf...

Object recognition is the ability of a system to relate visual stimuli to its knowledge of the world. Although humans perform this task effortlessly and without thinking about it, a general algorithmic solution has not yet been found. Recently, a shift from devising isolated recognition techniques towards integrated systems could be observed [Y. Aloimonos, Active vision revisited, in: Y. Aloimo...

In this work, a recoverable acrylamide-vinylamine copolymer immobilized TEMPO [P(AM-co-VAm)-T] catalyst for selective oxidation of cellulose with good catalytic performance and low degradation was developed. Firstly, the [P(AM-co-VAm)] prepared by Hofmann polyacrylamide (PAM). Then, condensation reduction reaction between amine groups P(AM-co-VAm) carbonyl 4-oxo-TEMPO yielded P(AM-co-VAm)-T. P(...

Extracellular products (ECPs) of the pathogenic Vibrio aestuarianus 01/32 were previously reported to display lethality in Crassostrea gigas oysters and to cause morphological changes and immunosuppression in oyster hemocytes. To identify the source of this toxicity, biochemical and genetic approaches were developed. ECP protease activity and lethality were shown to be significantly reduced fol...

A two-dimensional (2-D) finite element model (FEM) has been developed to perform numerical simulations of vibration assisted machining (VAM). The model is based on an updated Lagrangian formulation, with adaptive remeshing. The model is capable of simulating the amplitude and frequency independently of the tool in the cutting (x) and thrust (y) force directions over a wide range of values. The ...

We use the Exemplar-Based Random-Walk model (EBRW) to extend the Varying Abstraction Model (VAM). Unlike the VAM which is designed to account for categorization proportions, this Varying Abstraction-Based Random-Walk (VABRW) model is able to predict categorization response times. The extension is especially useful in situations where response accuracies are not very informative for distinguishi...

Formation of DNA adducts is a key event during carcinogenesis. adducts, if not repaired properly, can lead to mutations and cancer. have been frequently used as biomarkers evaluate chemical exposure. Vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) widely in the manufacture various industrial polymers. Previous studies documented that VAM induced nasal tumors rodents exposed high exposure levels VAM. metabolized by...