One of the most important Fuel cells (FCs) is Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs). The outputvoltage of this FC depends on current loads. This paper tries to introduce, implement and control the voltage ofPEMFC, during load variations. The output voltage of fuel cell should be constant during load variation. Toachieve this goal, a controller should be designed. Here, the Lead-Lag contr...

The transportation problem is a linear programming in which cost of reduced. We have developed the new method finding initial basic feasible solution by calculating coefficient variation row or column wise and result compared with VAM, LCM MODI method.

In the present paper, I take findings from postphenomenological variation of instrumental realism to develop an ‘environmental framework’ provide a philosophical answer ‘problem representation.’ The framework focuses on three elements representational environment, image-making technology, image as device, and scientific hermeneutic strategies occurring within interpretation process in laborator...