The most abundant protein of Iris bulbs has been identified as a type 1 ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP). Analysis of the purified proteins and molecular cloning of the corresponding cDNAs demonstrated that this type 1 RIP is a mixture of three isoforms that exhibit a high degree of sequence identity and have similar, though not identical, ribosome-inactivating and polynucleotide:adenosine g...

We have isolated and characterized AtREM1, the Arabidopsis ortholog of the cauliflower (Brassica oleracea) BoREM1. AtREM1 belongs to a large gene family of more than 20 members in Arabidopsis. The deduced AtREM1 protein contains several repeats of a B3-related domain, and it could represent a new class of regulatory proteins only found in plants. Expression of AtREM1 is developmentally regulate...

Pollen organ Telangiopsis sp., associated with but not attached to vegetative fronds, has been collected from the Upper Devonian (Famennian) Wutong Formation, Dongzhi County, Anhui Province, China. Fertile axes with terminal pollen organs are dichotomous for 2-4 times and may be proximally attached by fragmentary pinnules. Pollen organs are synangiate and borne on the top of a short stalk. Syna...

Although it is essential for plant survival to synthesize and transport defense compounds, little is known about the coordination of these processes. Here, we investigate the above- and belowground source-sink relationship of the defense compounds glucosinolates in vegetative Arabidopsis thaliana. In vivo feeding experiments demonstrate that the glucosinolate transporters1 and 2 (GTR1 and GTR2)...

A central goal of comparative life-history theory is to derive the general rules governing growth, metabolic allocation, and biomass partitioning. Here, we use allometric theory to predict the relationships among annual leaf, stem, and root growth rates (GL, GS, and GR, respectively) across a broad spectrum of seed plant species. Our model predicts isometric scaling relationships among all thre...

The Phalaenopsis orchid produces complex flowers that are commercially valuable, which has promoted the study of its flower development. E-class MADS-box genes, SEPALLATA (SEP), combined with B-, C- and D-class MADS-box genes, are involved in various aspects of plant development, such as floral meristem determination, organ identity, fruit maturation, seed formation and plant architecture. Four...

Plants grow under climatic changing conditions that cause modifications in vegetative and reproductive development. The degree of changes in organ development i.e. its phenotypic plasticity seems to be determined by the organ identity and the type of environmental cue. We used intraspecific competition and found that Antirrhinum majus behaves as a decoupled species for lateral organ size and nu...

The factors shaping endophytic fungal assemblages in reproductive organs have been less evaluated than vegetative organs. Here, the temporal dynamics of endophytes inflorescences and fruits olive tree cultivars with contrasting anthracnose susceptibilities was assessed, starting before flowers open until fruit ripening. Fungal diversity assessed by rRNA sequencing cultivable isolates revealed a...

Turions are frost resistant, vegetative dormant organs produced by aquatic plants. Tissue N, P, K, Ca, and Mg content was estimated in turions of 5 rooting, non-carnivorous plant species of the genera Caldesia, Hydrocharis, and Potamogeton and in 7 rootless carnivorous plant species of the genera Aldrovanda and Utricularia, and compared with concentrations of these nutrients in ambient waters e...

background: care of brain dead donors is complex, critical, and sensitive and has a direct and positive impact on the end result of organ and tissue transplantation process. this study describes the nurses’ experiences of care of brain dead donors in intensive care units (icu). materials and methods: this research was performed by phenomenological method that is a qualitative approach. purposiv...