To investigate the possible role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors in the human corpus luteum (CL), expression of VEGF and its receptors, the fms-like tyrosine kinase and the kinase insert domain-containing region (KDR), was analyzed in the CL during the menstrual cycle and in early pregnancy. Immunohistochemistry revealed that VEGF was localized in luteal cells and...

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF or VEGF-A) and its receptors play essential roles in the formation of blood vessels during embryogenesis and in disease. Most biological effects of VEGF are mediated via two receptor tyrosine kinases, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, but specific VEGF isoforms also bind neuropilins (NP) 1 and 2, non-tyrosine kinase receptors originally identified as receptors for sema...

OBJECTIVE Unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) is one of the main complications of pregnancy which is usually defined as three or more consecutive pregnancy losses before the 20(th) week of gestation without a known cause. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic factor and shown, along with its receptors (VEGFR1, 2), to play important roles in several physi...

Vascular endothelial cells are ordinarily quiescent in adult humans and divide less than once per decade. When tumors reach a size of about 0.2-2.0mm in diameter, they become hypoxic and limited in size in the absence of angiogenesis. There are about 30 endogenous pro-angiogenic factors and about 30 endogenous anti-angiogenic factors. In order to increase in size, tumors undergo an angiogenic s...

BACKGROUND Apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteoclasts regulates bone homeostasis. Skeletal injury in humans results in 'angiogenic' responses primarily mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), a protein essential for bone repair in animal models. Osteoblasts release VEGF in response to a number of stimuli and express receptors for VEGF in a differentiation dependent manner. This stud...

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a hypoxia-inducible angiogenic peptide with recently identified neurotrophic effects. Because some neurotrophic factors can protect neurons from hypoxic or ischemic injury, we investigated the possibility that VEGF has similar neuroprotective properties. In HN33, an immortalized hippocampal neuronal cell line, VEGF reduced cell death associated with ...

................................................................................................................................... 7 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ............................................................................................ 8 The formation of blood and lymphatic vessel networks during embryonic development .................... 8 Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis..........

background and objectives: angiogenesis is essential for growth and metastasis of solid malignancies. tumor vessel count and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf), a potent angiogenic factor, have been associated with prognosis. this study was designed to assess vessels density by using cd31 and cd105 (endoglin) and their correlation with expression of vegf and proliferative i...

Under normoxic conditions, macrophages from C57BL mice produce low levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Hypoxia stimulates VEGF expression by approximately 500%; interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) with endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] also stimulates VEGF expression by approximately 50 to 150% in an inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-dependent manner. Treatment of normoxic mac...

During bone growth, development, and remodeling, angiogenesis as well as osteogenesis are closely associated processes, sharing some essential mediators. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was initially recognized as the best-characterized endothelial-specific growth factor, which increased vascular permeability and angiogenesis, and it is now apparent that this cytokine regulates multip...