In front wheels driven vehicles, fuel economy can be obtained by summing torques applied to rear wheels. On the other hand, unequal torques applied to rear wheels provides enhanced safety. In this paper, a model with seven degrees of freedom is considered for the vehicle body. Thereafter, power-train subsystems are modeled. Considering an electrical machine on each rear wheel, a fuzzy controlle...

This paper presents an attitude control algorithm for a Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) with a low lift/drag ratio (L/D < 0.5), in the presence of external disturbances, model uncertainties, control output constraints and the thruster model. The main novelty of proposed control strategy is a new combination of the attitude control methods included backstepping, dynamic inversion and adaptive cont...

In cruise control systems, the performance of the controller is important. Hence, in order to have accurate results, the nonlinear behavior of a vehicle model should also be considered. In this article, a vehicle with a nonlinear model is controlled by using a nonlinear method. The nonlinear term of the model is the generated torque of engine, which is a polynomial equation. In addition, feedba...

This paper proposes a 2D dynamical model for evaluating parameters affecting whiplash. In fact a four segment dynamical model is developed in the sagittal plane for the analysis. The model response is validated using the existing experimental data and is shown to simulate the "S-Shape" and "initial upward ramping" kinematics of the cervical spine and the resulting dynamics observed in human and...

目的 由于夜间图像具有弱曝光、光照条件分布不均以及低对比度等特点，给基于夜间车辆图像的车型识别带来困难。此外，夜间车辆图像上的车型难以肉眼识别，增加了直接基于夜间车辆图像的标定难度。因此，本文从增强夜间车辆图像特征考虑，提出一种基于反射和照度分量增强的夜间车辆图像增强网络（night-time vehicleimage enhancement network based on reflectance and illumination components，RIC-NVNet），以增强具有区分性的特性，提高车型识别正确率。方法 RIC-NVNet网络结构由3个模块组成，分别为信息提取模块、反射增强模块和照度增强模块。在信息提取模块中，提出将原始车辆图像与其灰度处理图相结合作为网络输入，同时改进了照度分量的约束损失，提升了信息提取网络的分量提取效果；在反射分量增强网络中，提出将颜色恢复损...

mathematical modeling of supply chain operations has proven to be one of the most complex tasks in the field of operations management and operations research. despite the abundance of several modeling proposals in the literature; for vast majority of them, no effective universal application is conceived. this issue renders the proposed mathematical models inapplicable due largely to the fact th...

although there are remarkable differences in drivers’ behavior as well as vehicles characteristics, road capacity estimationmethods in developing countries are same as developed ones. so, the discrepancy between the theoretical andpractical values of capacity is inevitable. although, capacity estimation methods can be classified based on numerousparameters, in developing countries, the availabi...

Introduction: Trimethyltin Chloride (TMT) is a neurotoxin that can kill neurons in the nervous system and activate astrocytes. This neurotoxin mainly damages the hippocampal neurons. After TMT injection, behavioral changes such as aggression and hyperactivity have been reported in animals along with impaired spatial and learning memory. Hence, TMT is a suitable tool for an experimental model of...

we compare two approaches for a markovian model in flexible manufacturing systems (fmss) using monte carlo simulation. the model which is a development of fazlollahtabar and saidi-mehrabad (2013), considers two features of automated flexible manufacturing systems equipped with automated guided vehicle (agv) namely, the reliability of machines and the reliability of agvs in a multiple agv jobsho...