With the development of IoT, Vehicular Ad-hoc Network will be shifted to Vehicular Ad-hoc Network managed cloud in near future. As the traditional cloud, VMM is a crucial problem in Cloud Based Vehicular Networks. Due to the distinct feature of high mobility, VMM Cloud Based Vehicular Networks need to be addressed to keep cloud services running on. When a vehicle moves on the road, it moves out...

nowadays deep excavations are needed for construction of foundation of high rise buildings, providing space for parking and etc. in some cases deep excavations may be constructed in the vicinity of the subway tunnels and causes unpredicted extra displacements and internal forces in tunnel lining of tunnels which were not designed for them and consequently affect serviceability of tunnel. theref...

the construction of underground tunnel plays a more and more important role in the development of big cities. one of the most important problems caused by the construction of the tunnel is that underground excavation will cause large settlement of the ground and buildings. previous studied showed the difference between numerical and experimental results. in this study the case study of niyayesh...

In this paper, we develop a novel link reliability model for vehicle ad hoc networks, which consist of vehicular wireless mobile terminals. In order to accurately present the vehicular mobility of the node, classic traffic theory is applied that discards the dependence on different vehicular mobility scenarios. Road density and terminal relative speed are introduced in our model. We demonstrate...

With growing interest in using cognitive radio (CR) technology in wireless communication systems for vehicles, it is envisioned that future vehicles will be CR-enabled. This paper discusses CR technologies for vehicular networks aimed at improving vehicular communication efficiency. CR for vehicular networks has the potential of becoming a killer CR application in the future due to a huge consu...

With the rapid growth and evolution of the vehicular network with the highly increasing demand of vehicular traffic management, vehicular infotainment applications, and the vehicular cloud computing, massive vehicular information is required to be downloaded from roadside-deployed gateways. With the nature of high mobility and intermittent connectivity, it is challenging to provide a highly rel...

Modern technology has been used to build tunnels in recent years by means of drilling machines (TBM) that were used for civil engineering work in large cities to reduce the harmful effects of spending on the surface of the earth significantly. To build the tunnel, numerical modeling was used on the basis of the finite element method to predict stress behavior during the tunnel construction proc...

With an increasing number of vehicles with significant computing and communication, many applications such as vehicular Internet hot-spots, digital and entertainment content’s broadcast, Intelligent Transportation Systems applications, and highway management will become possible. This “vehicular mobile commerce” will actively involve vehicles and users in both extending the existing mobile comm...

In Inter-Vehicular Adhoc Network (IVAN) does not have a fixed network topology but is highly dynamic. The topology of the network changes frequently because wireless links are established and broken down due to certain factors such as the velocity of the vehicles, their mobility patterns and their spatial density. These high dynamics also cause very short times for data transfer. This paper pre...

Vehicular Networks are receiving a lot of attention due to the wide variety of services they can provide. Their applications range from safety and crash avoidance to Internet access and multimedia. A lot of work and research around the globe is being conducted to define the standards for vehicular communications. These include frequency allocation, standards for physical and link layers, routin...