The writers of this paper see the current highway design standards as a two-dimensional projection which the horizontal and vertical alignments are treated separately. A model developed in this paper considers and study the sight distance as a three-dimensional alignment on the design requirements. The paper examines the required minimum radius of a horizontal curve combined with a crest or sag...

The framework of the linearised theory of water waves in the time domain is used to examine the horizontal motion of an unrestrained floating structure. One of the principle assumptions of the theory is that an infinitesimal disturbance of the rest state will lead to an infinitesimal motion of the fluid and structure. It has been known for some time that for some initial conditions the theory p...

background: in general, measurements of solar ultraviolet (uv) radiation are related to horizontal surfaces. while the hu­mans walking and standing outdoors expose to the natural solar uv radiation, their eyes, cheeks, extremities, trunks, or many other anatomical sites are close to vertical plane and random orient to different directions. in this study, we character­ized the diurnal variations...

We study the sinking of a dense cylinder initially supported horizontally at an air-water interface and then released. The sinking motion is studied experimentally and agrees quantitatively with a simple hydrodynamic model of the process. In particular, our model predicts that the time taken for the cylinder to become immersed in the liquid should be tsink approximately theta((lc/g)1/2), where ...

A number of pathogens may be transmitted from parent to child at or before birth (vertically) or from one individual to another by contact (horizontally). A natural deterministic and non-spatial model, introduced by Lipsitch et al. [Proc. Roy. Soc. London Ser. B 260 (1995) 321] shows that an epidemic is possible if the vertical transmission or the horizontal transmission is high enough. In cont...

multistage and semi-mechanized harvesting of rice in khouzestan province, iran, causes much loss. depending on available facilities and conditions, either spike-tooth or rasp-bar cylinders are employed with either direct or indirect combine harvesting methods. the present research studied the effect of these different harvesting methods on the amount of losses in two rice varieties in 2001-2002...

PURPOSE To use a large wave-front database of a clinical population to investigate relationships between refractions and higher-order aberrations and between aberrations of right and left eyes. METHODS Third- and fourth-order aberration coefficients and higher-order root-mean-squared aberrations (HO RMS), scaled to a pupil size of 4.5-mm diameter, were analyzed in a population of approximatel...

an extended octagonal ring (eor) transducer was designed and developed to measure forces inside the compression chamber of a large square baler in different directions. the transducer was calibrated by applying forces in three directions simultaneously and independently. the sensor revealed excellent linearity along with small cross sensitivities. horizontal and vertical primary sensitivities o...