The ejection fraction is one of the most widely used measurements of left ventricular systolic function. Angiographic measurement of ejection fraction is based on determination of roentgenographic magnification and calculation of end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, assuming a prolated ellipse. Because it is simple and radiographic magnification may not have been determined, some laboratorie...

Functional biologists employ numerical differentiation for many purposes, including (1) estimation of maximum velocities and accelerations as measures of behavioral performance, (2) estimation of velocity and acceleration histories for biomechanical modeling, and (3) estimation of curvature, either of a structure during movement or of the path of movement itself. I used a computer simulation ex...

Recently, optical microscopes have been used in endodontic treatment, as they offer advantages in terms of magnification, illumination, and documentation. Documentation is particularly important in presenting images to patients, and can take the form of both still images and motion video. Although high-quality still images can be obtained using a 35-mm film or CCD camera, the quality of still i...

INTRODUCTION 4K video is a new format. At 3840 × 2160 resolution, it has 4 times the resolution of standard 1080 high definition (HD) video. Magnification can be done without loss of resolution. This study uses 4K video for video-stroboscopy. MATERIAL AND METHOD Forty-six patients were examined by conventional video-stroboscopy (digital 3 chip CCD) and compared with 4K video-stroboscopy. The ...

Proposed and demonstrated is a minimally invasive optical beam profiler using a non-pixelated liquid crystal spatial light modulator. The profiler features high detection sensitivity in the visible band, high 50 lines/mm spatial resolution, beam observation zone 100 % fill factor and magnification flexibility, and video rate operations. Applications for this beam profiler includes plug and test...

One of the most awe-inspiring demonstrations in biology is a timelapse video of mitosis viewed with high magnification phase contrast or Nomarski DIC microscopy. From initial chaotic movement comes the orderly alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate followed by a flawlessly synchronous splitting of the chromosomes and their gliding separation to the two mitotic poles. Enforcing the timi...