Reconstituted Sendai viral envelopes (virosomes) are well recognized for their promising potential in membrane fusion-mediated delivery of bioactive molecules to liver cells. Despite the known function of viral envelope glycoproteins in catalyzing fusion with cellular membrane, the role of host cell proteins remains elusive. Here, we used two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis to a...

Adjuvants are compounds incorporated into vaccines to enhance immunogenicity and the development of these molecules has become an expanding field of research in the last decades. Adding an adjuvant to a vaccine antigen leads to several advantages, including dose sparing and the induction of a more rapid, broader and strong immune response. Several of these molecules have been approved, includin...

The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that seasonal influenza affects approximately 5-15% of the population on an annual basis and these outbreaks are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality resulting in increased hospital admissions. Annual vaccination remains the main public health strategy for containing influenza. Inactivated influenza vaccines offer a great deal of prot...

The immunogenicity and protectivity of two different toxoid vaccines were compared in mice. In one formulation, toxoids (diphtheria or tetanus) were adsorbed to alumoxid, whereas in the other formulation the toxoids were crosslinked to immunopotentiating reconstituted influenza virosomes (IRIVs). A preimmunization with influenza antigens is necessary for a good anti-toxoid antibody response whe...