The air–sea exchange of heat is mainly controlled by the molecular diffusive layer adjacent to the surface. With an order of magnitude difference between the kinematic viscosity and thermal diffusivity of water, the thermal sublayer is embedded within its momentum analog: the viscous sublayer. Therefore, the surface heat exchange rates are greatly influenced by the surface kinematics and dynami...

On the parameterisation of the urban atmospheric sublayer in meteorological models A. Baklanov, P. Mestayer, A. Clappier, S. Zilitinkevich, S. Joffre, A. Mahura, and N. W. Nielsen Meteorological Research Department, Danish Meteorological Institute, DMI, Copenhagen, Denmark Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides, UMR CNRS 6598, Ecole Centrale de Nantes, ECN, France La section Sciences et Ingénieri...

We have developed a wedge-loaded double-cantilever beam adhesion measurement set-up for thin films deposited on glass by sputtering. The test is described in details. Results on the Glass/sublayer/Ag/ZnO multilayer provide evidence that SnO2 or TiO2 perform better than ZnO as a sublayer. Then however, rupture within the multilayer shifts to the upper Ag/ZnO interface. The latter is shown to be ...

This paper has analyzed the equation of motion in terms stresses (Navier), as well its two special cases for an incompressible viscous current. One is Stokes (Navier-Stokes) equation, and other was derived with fewer restrictions. It been shown that Laplace linear velocity can be represented a function variables ‒ angular speed particle rotation. To describe acceleration, all equations employed...

Room-temperature perpendicular magnetic anisotropy ~PMA! was observed in Ni/Pt multilayer films having 7–30 Å Ni and constant 3 Å Pt sublayer thickness, prepared by magnetron sputtering at an Ar sputtering pressure of 7 mTorr. To understand the origin of PMA, the magnetoelastic anisotropy was determined from delicate in situ stress and ex situ magnetostriction coefficient measurements. Tensile ...

An improved simulator is presented for the simulation of an energy-efficient ground-penetrating radar (GPR) using the 2D finite-difference time-domain method in the MATLAB environment. This simulator is novel in that it improves on previous work that did not involve scanning a buried object or the intermittent sublayer beneath the ground using an energy-efficient algorithm. The present simulato...

ABSTRACT The flow of air past a smooth surface-mounted hemisphere is investigated numerically using six common RANS turbulence models and seeking steady solutions. Where possible, the are applied standard wall functions, resolving viscous sublayer, enhanced treatment option in ANSYS Fluent. Results simulations compared against measurements taken wind tunnel experiment. comparison shows that bou...

We present a relatively simple, deterministic, theoretical model for the sublayer streaks in a turbulent boundary layer based on an analogy with Klebanoff modes. Our approach is to generate the streamwise vortices found in the buffer layer by means of a vorticity source in the form of a fictitious body force. It is found that the strongest streaks correspond to a spanwise wavelength that lies w...

Highly scattering plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) present a challenge for optical diagnostic methods to monitor TBC delamination because scattering attenuates light transmitted through the TBC and usually degrades contrast between attached and delaminated regions of the TBC. This paper presents a new approach where reflectance-enhanced luminescence from a luminescent sublayer inc...

Drawing on an analogy to critical phenomena, it was shown that the Nikuradse turbulent friction factor (ft) measurements in pipes of radius R and wall roughness r can be collapsed onto a one-dimensional curve expressed as conveyance law ftRe1/4=go(?), where Re is bulk Reynolds number ?=Re3/4(r/R). The implicit function go(.) conjectured based matching two asymptotic limits ft. However, connecti...