background: adverse effect of sun rays mainly uv ray on the human eye documented and protection of eyes is necessary using different methods such as, sun glasses. sunglasses are designed in different colors. the aim of this study was evaluation of the effect of different colors of sunglasses on the visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, stereopsis and color vision. methods: 81 normal subjects wer...

abstract planting of olive (olea europaea l.) tree due to salt and drought tolerance and ever green habit increasingly is considered in urban landscape in recent years. the low resistance to cold has been a major problem in using this tree in temperate and cold zones. so, determination of frost resistance cultivars is one of the important measures for use of this tree in urban landscape. to eva...

objectives: talking about needs, it means to consider the reasons of human behavior. because such behavior starts with one or several needs which will cause to develop different societies according to the degree of civilization, and also social-cultural factors treat differently with blinds, so these different circumstances can create different needs and motivation for them. methods: on this ba...

purpose: to determine the prevalence and causes of blindness and low vision in tehran province in 2005. methods: a population-based cross-sectional study was carried out involving all habitants living in tehran province in 2005. the study design was according to the world health organization recommendation methods and also a pilot study preformed among rural and urban areas of karaj. it was a m...

purpose : to evaluate central corneal thickness (cct) in patients with juvenile glaucoma and compare it with that of normal individuals methods : a prospective, case-control study was performed on 80 eyes with juvenile glaucoma who attended glaucoma clinic in farabi eye hospital, tehran, iran and 107 clinically normal healthy eyes. standard automated perimetry (sap) was performed for all the pa...

purpose : to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of severe visual impairment and retinopathy of prematurity (rop)-related blindness in a tertiary eye hospital in iran methods : in a cross-sectional study, clinical data of premature infants screened for rop in farabi eye hospital during 2003-2007 were reviewed. characteristics of advanced stages of rop (stage 4 or 5) were determined and comp...

purpose : design and establishment of persian near reading card for clinical use and practice methods : at first, card dimension, word and character size and specifications were calculated. then, english near reading card, richmond product inc, was considered as a template. context and syntax contribute to reading accuracy and efficacy of the richmond card was considered for designed persian ca...