The rapid increase of non-linear loads in the last three decades has caused electrical quantities such as voltages and currents in 3-phase distribution systems to become distorted waveforms. This paper reviews, explains and discusses some new concepts, definitions and new available theory in the unbalanced and distorted systems. The usefulness of the proposed practical definitions is investigat...

This paper presents a modified nine switch inverter with two inputs and two Z-source networks. This inverter has two DC inputs and two AC outputs. Input DC voltages can be boosted to the required level. Amplitude, frequency and phase of AC output voltages can be controlled, independently. The proposed converter can be used in applications with two unregulated DC sources, which require feeding ...

This study explains the breakdown mechanism in different triggered spark gap switches. Two different trigger electrode configurations are tested for the switch predischarge operation in a nitrogen laser circuit. The behavior of the breakdown voltage, when a trigger pulse is applied to the trigger electrode, is investigated, and the results are reported. Based on the experimental measurements ne...

We present the concept of a multiple-valued logic simulator that is able to more accurately determine the possible behavior of a circuit in the presence of a bridging faults. By a user de ned mapping of a range of voltages to a logic value the simulator takes care of certain voltages more closely than common bridge fault simulators that map all voltages to either logic 1 or 0. Experimental resu...

Modern power delivery systems with DSPs, FPGAs and CPUs run on lower supply voltages and consume higher current. In fact, sub-1V voltages are everywhere now. Meanwhile, intermediate bus voltages have stayed the same or increased depending on the application. To make things more challenging for power supply designers, system frequency requirements have steadily increased to support smaller induc...

AIMS European standards specify that pacemakers (PM) should be resistant to electromagnetic interference (EMI) up to an upper borderline voltage as a function of frequency. Electromagnetic interference fields should either remain below this upper borderline voltage level or be identified and isolated from the general population. Physicians caring for PM patients need to be aware of potential pr...

In conventional solid-state photovoltaics, electron-hole pairs are created by light absorption in a semiconductor and separated by the electric field spaning a micrometre-thick depletion region. The maximum voltage these devices can produce is equal to the semiconductor electronic bandgap. Here, we report the discovery of a fundamentally different mechanism for photovoltaic charge separation, w...

Statistical process variations have long been an important design issue. But until recently, process variations have been global process variations, i.e., transistor parameters may vary from die to die but are constant within a die. With transistor geometries shrinking below 65nm, however, a new kind of statistical variation, known as Local or Intra-die variation, has become important for logic...

One of the first papers reporting surge recording in low-voltage ac power circuits. Both waveform information and frequency of occurrence marked the beginning of the IEEE effort toward characterizing surge voltages in low-voltage ac power circuits, a departure from the traditional unidirectional and separate 1.2/50 and 8/20 waveforms in use for high-voltage equipment testing. In the mid-sixties...