The problem of particle number density measurements with a laser Doppler anemometer is addressed. Analytical expressions for the instrument measurement cross section are given. An automatic calibration method for determining unknown scattering parameters, which promises good accuracy in changeable optical conditions, is described. Estimates of the measurement uncertainty are derived and the met...

Continuous ventricular volume measurement by the conductance method assumes a homogeneous electrical field dispersed throughout and contained within the ventricle. Because of dense trabeculation and complex geometry, right ventricular (RV) volume description by this method may be seriously compromised. This study sought to determine the accuracy and limitations of RV volume measurement by condu...

OUR STUDIES on the seeming loss of plasma from the circulation after transfusion and the mobilization of plasma often seen after hemorrhage or drug infusions have been handicapped by a large variation in measured responses between animals. Conversations with other workers on blood volume regulation have indicated that such variability is not uncommon. The necessity of using large groups of anim...

One of the primary measurements the physician would like to acquire from a patient is that of the concentration of O2 and other nutrients in the cells. Such quantities are normally so difficult to measure that the doctor is forced to accept the second-class measurements of blood flow and changes in blood volume, which usually correlate with concentration of nutrients. If blood flow is difficult...

The volume of the right ventricle can be determined angiographically from its projections in two mutually perpendicular planes. Echocardiographic techniques for measuring right ventricular volume, however, have been more difficult and less successful. In this study, a method was developed for calculating right ventricular volume from two intersecting cross-sectional echocardiographic views: the...

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An examination has been made of the relationship between stroke volume measured by dye dilution and left ventricular isovolumetric contraction and ejection times as measured by the vibrocardiogram. These studies were performed in 10 normal subjects under postural alterations, and in 11 patients recovering from acute myocardial infarction. gression analyses of the data showed that ejection t h e...

Traffic measurement and monitoring are an important component of network management and traffic engineering. With high-speed Internet backbone links, efficient and effective packet sampling techniques for traffic measurement and monitoring are not only desirable, but also increasingly becoming a necessity. Since the utility of sampling depends on the accuracy and economy of measurement, it is i...

SINCE THE INITIAL observations of William Harvey and the physiologic studies of Ernest Starling, the importance of changes in volume in the ventricles of the heart has been recognized. In physiologic and clinical studies of the heart, measurements of chamber pressure and cardiac output have been more easily obtained than volume, and only in recent years have methods been developed for the estim...

The radial disposition of air in the flesh of fruit of Malus domestica Borkh., cv 'Braeburn' was investigated using a gravimetric technique based on Archimedes' principle. Intercellular air volume was measured by weighing a small tissue sample under water before and after vacuum infiltration to remove the air. In a separate procedure, the volume of the same sample was measured by recording the ...