The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of a mini-electric pump (MEP) and a novel manual breast pump (MP) designed to operate more physiologically. Sixty term breastfeeding mothers used the MP and MEP in randomized order 8 weeks postpartum, expressing for 10 minutes from each breast. Milk volume, fat content, and pattern of milk flow were measured. Mothers rated pump characteris...

BACKGROUND We quantified the relationship between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA shedding in breast milk, cumulative RNA exposure, and postnatal transmission, relating timing of infection in the infant to estimated total volume of milk exposure. METHODS Nested case-control study of 36 infants of HIV-infected mothers. Case patients were infants who acquired HIV infection through breast...

objective: evaluating the effect of vegetable oil, as a supplement to breast milk in increase the weight gaining of vlbw neonates. materials and methods: in this single blind; randomized clinical trials , in nicu of vali-asr hospital, tehran university of medical sciences, 2005-2006;a total of 48 vlbw neonates referred & admitted to nicu, who did not have any major gi (especially nec), respirat...

The Madras Act has also standardized the value of proteins of the cow milk as nitrogen at 0.5 per cent and that of dirt in it at 5 per 100,000 by volume. It may be remembered here that the standards fixed in England by the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries by their Sale of Milk Regulation, 1901, are 3 per cent for milk and 8.5 per cent for milk solids other than milk fat. So the standard pr...

In many countries, goat farming is the important part from the economy point of the view; especially in the Mediterranean and Middle East region. Goat farming is well organized in France, Italy, Spain and Greece (Park and Haenlein, 2006). Industrialization of the goat milk is not well successed because of its poor and insufficient volume. From 1990, interest in the goat milk production is incre...

background: control of the medium osmolarity and temperature during long or short time sperm manipulation is essential. objective: the objectives of the present study were to find the effects of different osmolarities of modified tyrode's solution and milk on the bull sperm during incubation at above zero temperatures. materials and methods: semen samples were collected twice from five najdi bu...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Although flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) is an established diagnostic tool, little data exist on the effects of varying liquid types on the swallowing outcomes in healthy older adults. STUDY DESIGN Prospective. METHODS Seventy-six healthy older adult volunteers participated (i.e., 18, 28, and 30 volunteers in the 7th, 8th, and 9th decades of life, r...