When learning to achieve a goal through a complex series of actions, humans often group several actions into a subroutine and evaluate whether the subroutine achieved a specific subgoal. A new study reports brain responses consistent with such "hierarchical reinforcement learning."

Numerical difficulty arises when DAEs are solved with inconsistent initial values of dependent variables. It can cause the solution failures of many popular DAEs solvers. An initialization subroutine, DAEIS (Differential Algebraic Equations Initialization Subroutine), has been developed to handle this issue. In DAEIS, consistent initial values of dependent variables for index-1 DAEs are obtaine...

In our efforts to develop an object-oriented visual programming language, the dataflow model of computation is extended from its traditional functional model to an object-oriented model. It is argued that the concept of subroutine in the object-oriented model requires two different types of calling (activation) mechanisms, the synchronous call and the asynchronous call. Asynchronous subroutine ...

This article describes the subroutine library SLICOT that provides Fortran 77 implementations of numerical algorithms for computations in systems and control theory. Around a nucleus of basic numerical linear algebra subroutines, this library builds methods for the design and analysis of linear control systems. A brief history of the library is given together with a description of the current v...