Cytokines, growth factors, and other chemical messengers rely on a class of intracellular nonreceptor tyrosine kinases known as Janus kinases (JAKs) to rapidly transduce intracellular signals. A number of these cytokines are critical for lymphocyte development and mediating immune responses. JAK3 is of particular interest due to its importance in immune function and its expression, which is lar...

In contrast to other sympathetic outflow tracts, renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) decreases in response to hypotensive hemorrhage. The functional significance of this "paradox" is not known. We tested the hypothesis that RSNA modulates renal perfusion and thus erythropoietin (EPO) release after transient hypotensive hemorrhage in anesthetized rats. Plasma EPO was measured before and afte...

Distribution profiles of superoxide dismutase isoenzymes in various tissues of rabbits with the Vx-2 carcinoma in the maxillary sinus were compared with those of control rabbits. Copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) activity in the liver of rabbits decreased significantly 3 weeks after transplantation. Manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity did not d...

Verruciform xanthoma (VX) is a rare benign mucocutaneous lesion that typically presents as solitary asymptomatic verrucous growth. Histopathologic examination remains the cornerstone of diagnosis, which shows subepithelial lipid-laden foamy histiocytes associated with papillomatosis, parakeratosis, and dyskeratosis. Previous studies have reported oral cavity as the most common site of VX. Howev...

PURPOSE VX-710 (biricodar, Incel) restores drug sensitivity to P-glycoprotein (MDR1) and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1)-expressing cells. This Phase II study evaluated the safety/tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of VX-710 plus paclitaxel in women with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer who were refractory to prior paclitaxel therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN E...

The possibility that organophosphate toxicity is due to inhibition of targets other than acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) was examined in AChE knockout mice. Mice (34-55 days old) were grouped for this study, after it was determined that AChE, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and carboxylesterase activities had reached stable values by this age. Mice with 0, 50, or 100% AChE activity were t...

It is proposed that xanthophylls, and carotenoids in general, may assist in energy transfer from the chlorophyll Soret band to the Q band. Ground-state (1Ag ) and excited-state (1Bu ) optimizations of violaxanthin (Vx) and zeaxanthin (Zx) are performed in an environment mimicking the light-harvesting complex II (LHCII), including the closest chlorophyll b molecule (Chl). Time-dependent density ...

(x, y) (x0, y0) (vx, vy) As shown on the left, the vector from p to a point (x, y) on the line must be either in the direction of (vx, vy) or in its opposite direction. Hence, the cross product of the two vectors must be zero, that is, (x− x0, y − y0)× (vx, vy) = 0. Expansion of the above cross product yields an implicit equation of the line that relates the x and y coordinates of every inciden...

Physiological responses at birth include increases in heart rate (HR), blood pressure, sympathetic nerve activity, and circulating vasoactive peptides. The factors mediating these responses are not known. To test the hypothesis that afferent input from peripheral mechanoreceptors (arterial and cardiopulmonary baroreceptors) and chemoreceptors contribute to the sympathoexcitatory and hormonal re...

Let X be a Poisson point process and K ⊂ R d a measurable set. Construct the Voronoi cells of all points x ∈ X with respect to X, and denote by vX (K) the union of all Voronoi cells with nucleus in K. For K a compact convex set the expectation of the volume difference V (vX (K)) − V (K) and the symmetric difference V (vX (K)△K) is computed. Precise estimates for the variance of both quantities ...