Methods to measure the burden of disease (BOD) on populations have been employed for decades, but have only received increasing attention in the past twenty years. At the same time, a number of concerns have also been raised, especially with the use of summary measures of population health. Seven BOD studies were funded by the Global Forum for Health Research (Global Forum) to explore the appli...

BOD is a parameter frequently used to evaluate the water quality on different rivers. The aim of the present study is to investigate applicability of artificial intelligence techniques such as ANFIS (Adapti ve Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System) in water quality BOD prediction for the case study, Mahi river at Khanpur in Thasara Taluka of Kheda District in Gujarat State, India. The proposed technique...

Combining the concept of software control with existing legacy network technology promotes new networking services with low capital expenditure. Currently, many testbeds and academic operators provide bandwidth on demand (BoD) services over layers 2 and 3 wide area network. BoD decreases operational expenditures and manual errors. However, administrators must continue to manually configure virt...

BACKGROUND An effective health policy necessitates a reliable characterization of the burden of disease (BOD) by cause. The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBDS) aims to deliver this information. For sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in particular, the GBDS relies on extrapolations and expert guesses. Its results lack validation by locally measured epidemiological data. METHODS This study presents loc...

UNLABELLED Involuntary detrusor contractions play an important role in the development of urge incontinence. Also in an in-vitro situation contractions which develop spontaneously can be seen; a parallel with the in vivo observations is likely. In order to study this muscle overactivity we investigated the possibility to induce this phenomenon with oxidative stress using hypochlorous acid (HOCl...

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is a widely used parameter to assess the organic pollution in water systems. This parameter can be detected by the amount of oxygen consumed via microorganisms in aerobic metabolism of organic matter present in the water. The authorized test to analyze biodegradable organic compounds is given by the American Public Health Association Standard Method Committee tha...

Scarcity of water, pollution load, political issues and rising population has drawn a great attention for proper management of water resources such as surface water in 21 century. India is one of the developing country having prosperous fresh water resources in the form of rivers, kunds, ponds and lakes etc. Varanasi is a religious city and is popularly known for its mythological ponds & kunds....

A novel microbial fuel cell (MFC)-based biosensor was designed for continuous monitoring of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in real wastewater. To lower the material cost, manganese dioxide (MnO₂) was tested as an innovative cathode catalyst for oxygen reduction in a single chamber air-cathode MFC, and two different crystalline structures obtained during synthesis of MnO₂ (namely β- and γ-MnO₂)...