Most prior studies have found that substituting biofuels for gasoline will reduce greenhouse gases because biofuels sequester carbon through the growth of the feedstock. These analyses have failed to count the carbon emissions that occur as farmers worldwide respond to higher prices and convert forest and grassland to new cropland to replace the grain (or cropland) diverted to biofuels. By usin...

Environmental concerns over increased coal consumption are fully justified by the past history of coal use. Although improved technology has provided some safeguards, increased utilization will require mining practices, emission control technologies, and waste disposal procedures that are not yet fully integrated into the routine use of the coal energy system. The Committee on Health and Evniro...

We consider whether current notions about superstring theory below the Planck scale are compatible with cosmology. We find that the anticipated form for the dilaton interaction creates a serious roadblock for inflation and makes it unlikely that the universe ever reaches a state with zero cosmological constant and time-independent gravitational constant. Superstring theories have been extensive...

Increasing energy use, climate change, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuels make switching to low-carbon fuels a high priority. Biofuels are a potential low-carbon energy source, but whether biofuels offer carbon savings depends on how they are produced. Converting rainforests, peatlands, savannas, or grasslands to produce food crop-based biofuels in Brazil, Southeast Asia, and ...

Soil degradation and salinization are two of the utmost threat affecting agricultural areas, derived from the increasing use of low quality water and inappropriate cultural practices. The problem of low productivity of saline soils may be ascribed not only to their salt toxicity or damage caused by excess amounts of soluble salts but also arising from the lack of organic matter and available mi...

The problem of abandoned land from mining activities is aggravated since the coal boom. Activities of excavating coal exscind natural vegetation and deposit stone on the natural land that modified the natural land contribute to waste farmlands. This paper presents the comparableness of SVMs method to artificial neural networks in the outlier detection problem of high dimensions. Experiments per...

Selecting a landfill site is an optimal solution for the disposal of solid waste in Al-Mahawil Qadhaa, both to fulfill the environmental and scientific requirements, and to comply with regulations and restrictions in this Qadhaa. Presently, there is no landfill site in the area that meets the scientific site selection criteria. Therefore, in this study, two methods of multi-criteria decision-ma...

Selecting a landfill site is a difficult task because the process depends on many factors and restrictions. Landfill is an optimal solution for the disposal of solid waste in Al-Musayiab Qadhaa, which is located in the northern part of Babylon Governorate. At the moment, there is no landfill site in that area that follows the scientific selection site criteria. For this reason, in this research...

Developing countries account for about 86.5% of the world’s population and are experiencing rapid urbanization. Globally, increase in urban is generally accompanied by expansion latter construction lands, as well reduction rural lands. However, with development urbanization China, has decreased, while proportion lands increased, resulting a significant waste land resources. In order to quantita...

Executive summary: We scrutinized peer-reviewed literature, technical books, and key reports in order to detect any evidence for a differential ability between public and public lands to protect imperiled species in the United States. Limitations in data availability and/or in study scale limited our comparison mostly to certain contrasts of federal public versus mostly private lands. At a nati...