In addressing the topic of decision making in the water sector, what has been suggested to be useful up to this point is benchmarking. This paper aims at exploring the relationship between the Operating Cost Coverage Index and customer complaints about water and wastewater services for 1898 water utilities in 11 countries, i.e., Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Lithuania, Peru, Poland, Russia, Se...

OBJECTIVES Despite a Commission of Inquiry into water fluoridation recommending the fluoridation of public water supplies to the optimal fluoride concentration of 0.7 ppm, as well as regulations for the introduction of water fluoridation which compel water providers to fluoridate public water supplies, no artificially fluoridated water scheme exists in South Africa. In view of concerns expresse...

recently, design of cropping pattern based on water resources is getting a high priority. this scheme is complicated, and affected by multiple factors. for investigation, designer must gather a huge data, and classify them. the method of processing and analyzing of the information is important. the method of linear programming based on lingo software for hendijan irrigation and drainage network...

Minimizing water supply costs has always been the goal of companies. However, it is not an easy task to minimize and meet customers’ pressure needs in a system with multiple sources different unit discharge. In this paper, we develop search method that incorporates concepts local steepest descent. First, establish discharge each source as variable start searching neighborhood for feasible initi...

natural resources are valuable capitals for all nations. rangelands as the most extensive natural ecosystems in iran provide numerous services, including fodder production and red meat supply, soil conservation and water regulation. although uncontrolled exploitation of these resources has imposed much pressure and caused many losses within the ecosystems. impacts of overutilization of nomadic ...