Hydraulic jumps at the tail end of spillways are usually induced by baffle blocks or other obstacles. Such jumps can also be induced by jets that oppose the main flow. Another application is to back up turbidity currents in reservoirs by means of opposing jets. This measure can be adopted when transfer tunnels feed water into the reservoir at a higher elevation near the dam. Stopping the turbid...

In this work we demonstrate optical trapping and manipulation of microparticles suspended in water due to laser-induced convection currents. Convection currents are generated due to laser light absorption in an hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a:Si-H) thin film. The particles are dragged towards the beam's center by the convection currents (Stokes drag force) allowing trapping with powers as low...

Rip current are fast moving and narrow currents that are strongest near the beach. They are dangerous not only for novice but also experienced swimmers. Once caught in the current, the flow of the water pulls the person away from the beach. Many people in panic try to swim against the current and end up drowning due to exhaustion since these currents are usually faster than the speed at which o...

The Study of river water quality interation with lakes and dam reservoirs is important from anexploitation point of view. When river water with different densities enters a lake or dam reservoir,underflow density current phenomenon occurs. Because of the density, so understandingdifferent arrays of this phenomenon Seems necessary for checking erosion and sedimentationprocesses and their managem...

We present evaluations of two-dimensional surface current fields based on quantitative comparisons of satellite images with numerical model results provided by the German Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH). Earlier studies have shown that multisensor data can be used to derive sea surface. However, a quantitative evaluation of the resulting vector fields is difficult, due to the low...

In the Xenopus oocyte heterologous expression system, the electrophysiological characteristics of rabbit ClC-2 current and its contribution to volume regulation were examined. Expressed currents on oocytes were recorded with a two-electrode voltage-clamp technique. Oocyte volume was assessed by taking pictures of oocytes with a magnification of ×40. Rabbit ClC-2 currents exhibited inward rectif...

The seasonal concentrations of dissolved oxygen in a subtropical deep reservoir were studied over a period of one year. The study site was the Feitsui Reservoir in Taiwan. It is a dam-constructed reservoir with a surface area of 10.24 km(2) and a mean depth of 39.6 m, with a maximum depth of 113.5 m near the dam. It was found that certain weather and climate events, such as typhoons in summer a...

The Apalachicola Bay is one of the most productive estuaries in Florida. Variations of salinity directly influence the productivity of the aquatic habitats. Physical conditions that affect the salinity include tidal elevations, wind and current velocities, precipitation, and the discharge of the Apalachicola River. In the present paper, cross-correlation techniques, autoregressive integrated mo...

An analysis of current profiles carried out on moored Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler data sets recorded during the Variability of Exchanges In the Northern Seas project is presented here for several locations in three sections in the vicinity of the Iceland-Scotland Ridge: (1) north of the Faroes, (2) in the Faroe-Bank Channel and (3) in the Faroe-Shetland Channel. Total currents have been d...