Total phenols were determined by molecular spectmphotometry, after distillation, complexation with Caminoantipyrine and extraction into chloroform. Cyanides were also determined spectrophotometrically after distillation from the acidified samples, and complexation in moderate acidic solution with barbituric acid. The dynamic ranges were 0 100 pg L-' for total phenols and 0 30 pg L-' for cyanide...

Ethanol is largely used as a solvent in the synthesis of varnishes and perfumes. It is also used as a preservative for biological products, fuel, and gasoline additives. Anethanol-water mixture, normally obtained by fractional distillation</span...

ABSTRACT-This paper proposed a control scheme based on fuzzy logic for a methanol water system of bubble cap distillation column. Fuzzy rule base and Inference System of fuzzy (FIS) is planned to regulate the reflux ratio (manipulated variable) to obtain the preferred product composition (methanol) for a distillation column. Comparisons are made with conventional controller and the results conf...

Rosmarinus officinalis L. is a perennial herb that belongs to the Lamiaceae family. It is used as a food flavouring agent, and well known medicinally for its powerful antimutagenic, antibacterial and chemopreventive properties. The most applicable method for extraction of essential oil is water distillation (WD) and steam distillation (SD). It is a traditional technique which is used in most in...

Koehler, G.D., Chipley, D. and Kyser, T.K., 1991. Measurement of the hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of concentrated chloride brines and brines from fluid inclusions in halite. Chem. Geol. (Isot. Geosci. Sect.), 94: 45-54. Solutions of l-5 m NaCI, KCl, CaC12 and MgC12, and synthetic brines were analyzed for hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions by vacuum distillation-microequilibr...

A multilayered microfluidic chip used for vacuum membrane distillation is designed, fabricated and tested by rectification of a water-methanol mixture.

dry areas near the sea can obtain fresh water through solar distillation of saline sea water resources. however, these solar distillation sites produce wastewater as a result of desalination of sea water with high salt concentration. waste must be disposed of with the least effect on the receiving environment (sea, in most cases). initial dilution and its characteristics play important roles in...

Membrane distillation (MD), which can utilize low-grade thermal energy, has been extensively studied for desalination. By incorporating solar thermal energy, the solar membrane distillation desalination system (SMDDS) is a potential technology for resolving energy and water resource problems. Small-scale SMDDS (s-SMDDS) is an attractive and viable option for the production of fresh water for sm...

The separation of the binary mixture water-acetic acid by direct distillation is not suitable for industrial applications because of the presence of a tangent pinch on the pure water end. The problem is overcome via heterogeneous azeotropic distillation adding a third component, the entrainer, generally immiscible with water. With particular reference to terephthalic acid production process, we...

eryngium caucasicum trautv. (apiaceae) is a perennial herbaceous plant with about one meter height, an endemic species that has been distributed in the northern parts of iran. the plant leaves are normally used in medicine and food industries in iran.the plant has several medicinal properties including enforcing generative power, diuretic, lenitive and appetizer. in this research differents par...