Pakistan is highly dependent on water resources originating in the mountain sources of the upper Indus for irrigated agriculture which is the mainstay of its economy. Hence any change in available resources through climate change or socio-economic factors could have a serious impact on food security and the environment. In terms of both ratio of withdrawals to runoff and per-capita water availa...

constant rate of strain (crs) consolidation is a rapid test method used for determination of compressibility of clayey soils. in a crs test, the appropriate strain rate is selected based on pore water pressure ratio, i.e. the ratio of pore pressure to total stress. in the present study, to investigate the effect of strain rate on variation of relative pore water pressure, four different clay sa...

The Adriatic Sea, as adjacent sea of the greater Mediterranean Sea, is under direct influence of atmospheric processes and their variability. Cold deep water formed under strong winter outbursts of Bura wind in the Northern Adriatic plays crucial role in the overall Adriatic circulation. Interannual variability of temperature and salinity in the Adriatic Sea is firstly interplay of Northern Adr...

We report, for the first time, extended very far IR (VFIR) intensity data (2.5-30 cm-1) for solutions of NaCl, LiCl, and HCl in water over the accessible concentration (0-10 M) and temperature ranges (-100° to 80 °C). This allows dynamic processes in the 0.2-2.0 ps regime to be probed, a suitable choice in view of much experimental data which shows that dynamic processes in this regime are impo...

Sweet pepper is among the most widely cultivated horticultural crops in the Mediterranean basin, being frequently grown hydroponically under cover in combination with CO2 fertilization and water conditions ranging from optimal to suboptimal. The aim of this study is to develop a simple model, based on the analysis of plant stable isotopes in their natural abundance, gas exchange traits and N co...

delta(13)C values of the lichens Ramalina duriaei and Teloschistes villosus collected in their natural habitat were repeatedly measured during 2 years. Results show variations in the stable carbon isotope ratios ((13)C/(12)C). Such variations are correlated to the seasonal rainfall, i.e. low values of delta(13)C of the lichens during the winter and high values of delta(13)C during the dry summe...

Remote measurements of different environmental parameters received during last 30 years are used for the synthesis of a Complex Simulation Model (CSM) describing the combined water regimes of the Aral-Caspian System (ACS) including the consideration of aquatic and climatic natural processes. The problem of stabilizing the sea levels of these two water bodies is modelled and a solution obtained ...