Project. Major complications of airway management in the UK: results of the Fourth National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists and the Difficult Airway Society. Part 2: Intensive care and emergency departments. Br J Anaesth 2011; 106: 632–42 7. Flin R, Fioratou E, Frerk C, Trotter C, Cook TM. Human factors in the development of complications of airwaymanagement: preliminary eva...

Normal chick embryos swallow and utilize the albumen in the egg between the 11th and 15th day of incubation (Witschi, 1949). They use approximately two-thirds of the yolk by the end of incubation (Romanoff & Romanoff, 1949). Thus the embryo has access to 4 g of protein in the albumen and 3 g of protein in the yolk (Romanoff & Romanoff, 1949). Embryos which have been hypophysectomized by partial...

Kimura and Crow’s 1964 article is justly regarded as one of the foundational articles of evolutionary molecular genetics. It is based on what they called the “infinite alleles” model (now called the “infinitely many alleles” model). This model was motivated by the recognition that a gene is a sequence of perhaps several thousand nucleotides, implying that an astronomically large number of allel...

In the entire fungal kingdom, only DNA substitution rates in the SSU rRNA gene (Berbee and Taylor 1993, 2001) and amino acid substitution rates (Heckman et al. 2001) have been estimated and used to date fungal divergences. However, these molecules are not sufficiently variable to date events at or below the genus level. DNA sequences of protein-coding genes and the internal transcribed spacer (...

The conventional wisdom states that prosecuting corporations can subject them to terrible collateral consequences that risk putting them out of business and causing massive social and economic harm. According to this viewpoint, which has come to dominate the literature following the demise of Arthur Andersen after that firm’s prosecution in the wake of the Enron scandal, even a criminal indictm...

During the embryonic development of vertebral cartilages, cells from the somite mesoderm differentiate into chondrocytes around the spinal cord and notochord. Grafting experiments in amphibian and chick embryos have indicated that the spinal cord and notochord have some influence on this differentiation of somite cells to cartilage (Holtzer & Detwiler, 1953; Watterson, Fowler & Fowler, 1954). F...

Using the two subpopulation model, the expected numbers of segregating sites in a number of DNA sequences randomly sampled from a subdivided population were examined for several types of population subdivisions. It is shown that, in the case where the pattern of migration is symmetrical such as the finite island model, the expected number of segregating sites is independent of the migration rat...

Genomic rearrangements were first used for phylogenetic analysis in the late 1920s, but this work was largely ignored until the 1980s, when the sequencing of organellar genomes enabled the first genome-wide comparisons. G. Watterson et al. proposed to measure what later became the inversion distance between two genomes, J. Palmer et al. published papers on the evolution of mitochondrial and chl...

Calcium acts as a second messenger in many higher plant cellular activities including cell elongation, cell division, protoplasmic streaming, and enzyme secretion (Marmé, 1988). Many of the effects of Ca2+ are mediated by CaBPs that undergo conformational activation upon association with one to four Ca2+ ions. Structural analyses of parvalbumin and other CaBPs (Kretsinger and Nockolds, 1973; Ba...

America (MacEwen 1972). After operations for the correction of severe fixed curves in the adult the incidence is higher. In 1970 Dommisse and Enslin recorded four cases (6 per cent) in a series of sixty-eight operations for scoliosis in which a one-stage procedure for circumferential spinal osteotomy as described by Hodgson (1966) was performed. Three occurred between T.5 and T.9, in only eight...