Many scattering experiments in which a beam radiation or particles are sent into a material that scatters them have a number of features in common. (We shall use the word radiation to refer to the thing that is scattered.) • The radiation is a wave that satisfies a wave equation. • The incident beam is collimated (moving in one particular direction). • The incident beam is monochromatic (a narr...

Radiation damage following the ionising radiation of tissue has different scenarios and mechanisms depending on the projectiles or radiation modality. We investigate the radiation damage effects due to shock waves produced by ions. We analyse the strength of the shock wave capable of directly producing DNA strand breaks and, depending on the ion's linear energy transfer, estimate the radius fro...

The evolution of scale-invariant gravity waves from the early universe is analyzed using an equation of state which smoothly interpolates between the radiation dominated era and the present matter dominated era. We find that for large wavenumbers the standard scale-invarant wavefunction for the gravity wave severely underestimates the actual size of the gravity wave. Moreover, there is a defini...

We show that the enhanced directivity phenomenon for light passing through a subwavelength aperture in a silver film with corrugations on the exit face, is due to a leaky wave that decays exponentially from the aperture. We show quantitatively that the field along the interface of the silver film is dominated by the leaky wave, and that the radiation of the leaky wave, supported by the periodic...

Global patterns of monthly averages of outgoing long-wave radiation and albedo as derived from TIROS IV radiometer data for the period February-May 1962 are examined relative to each other and with respect to monthly mean mid-tropospheric flow patterns. It is found that long-wave radiation and albedo are inversely correlated on a broad scale, particularly over ocean and non-desert regions. Both...

We consider a burst of quadrupole gravitational radiation in the presence of a large static mass M situated at its source. Some of the radiation is back-scattered off the static field of the large mass, forming a wave tail. After the burst, the tail is a pure incoming wave, carrying energy back towards the source. We calculate this energy, and, in a numerical example , compare it with the outgo...

The picture of S-wave scattering from a 4D extremal dilatonic black hole is examined. Classically, a small matter shock wave will form a non-extremal black hole. In the “throat region” the r − t geometry is exactly that of a collapsing 2D black hole. The 4D Hawking radiation (in this classical background) gives the 2D Hawking radiation exactly in the throat region. Inclusion of the back-reactio...

The electromagnetic wave ranging from the millimeter wave to gamma ray is radiated from plasmas produced by irradiating solid and gas targets with high intensity optical pulses. The THz wave radiation from the plasmas produced by femtosecond laser pulses has been intensively studied by many groups [1-3] these few years since it is one of the promising intense THz radiation sources. Solid THz em...

The transformation of a weakly nonlinear interfacial solitary wave in an ideal twolayer flow over a step is studied. In the vicinity of the step the wave transformation is described in the framework of the linear theory of long interfacial waves, and the coefficients of wave reflection and transmission are calculated. A strong transformation arises for propagation into shallower water, but a we...

According to blackbody radiation theory [1], all substances at a finite absolute temperature will radiate electromagnetic energy. Passive millimeter-wave (PMMW) imaging system forms images by detecting the millimeter-wave radiation energy from the scene and utilizing the differences of the radiation intensity[2,3]. Although such imaging has been performed for decades (or more, if one includes m...