Deposition of wax on a cold surface is a serious problem in oil production. Progress in developing more effective wax inhibitors has been impeded by the lack of an established mechanism connecting the molecular structure to inhibitor efficiency. Some comb-like polymers having long alkyl side chains are known to decrease the rate of wax formation. Among several possible mechanisms, we investigat...

Metformin hydrochloride (metformin HCl) was formulated as a hydrophobic matrix sustained release tablet employing wax materials and the sustained release behavior of the fabricated tablet was investigated. Sustained release matrix tablets containing 500 mg metformin HCl were developed using different bees wax combinations. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique. The formulation ...

Cuticular wax deposition and composition affects drought tolerance and yield in plants. We examined the relationship between wax and dehydration stress by characterizing the leaf cuticular wax of tree tobacco (Nicotiana glauca L. Graham) grown under periodic dehydration stress. Total leaf cuticular wax load increased after each of three periods of dehydration stress using a CH2Cl2 extraction pr...

Wax monoesters are synthesized by the esterification of fatty alcohols and fatty acids. A mammalian enzyme that catalyzes this reaction has not been isolated. We used expression cloning to identify cDNAs encoding a wax synthase in the mouse preputial gland. The wax synthase gene is located on the X chromosome and encodes a member of the acyltransferase family of enzymes that synthesize neutral ...

The purpose of the present study was to design and evaluate a novel wax matrix system containing various ratios of aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer E (AMCE) and ethylcellulose (EC) as functional polymers in order to achieve the optimal acetaminophen (APAP) release rate for taste masking. A two factor, three level (3(2)) full factorial study design was used to optimize the ratios of AMCE and EC...

Cuticular waxes act as a protective barrier against environmental stresses. In the present study, we investigated developmental and genotypic variation in wax formation of cabbage lines, with a view to understand the related morphology, genetics and biochemistry. Our studies revealed that the relative expression levels of wax biosynthetic genes in the first-formed leaf of the highest-wax line r...

Montan wax origins from ancient plant which leads a long and slow way towards becoming lignite thousands of years ago, their composition is very complex. Crude montan wax is obtained after organic solvent extraction from lignite, then deresined wax is acquired by cooling the extracted solvent toluene, last refined wax called S wax could be made after a series oxidation process, which can be use...

Heavy organics deposition is a common problem in oil industry, especially in oil production, transportation and processing. Wax or solid paraffin series are examples of heavy organics that deposit. Precipitation and crystallization of wax causes major difficulties in different processes. Based on multi-solid theory, a basic model is modified in this paper for wax precipitation in different oils...

The morphogenesis of the composite epicuticular wax coverage and regeneration ability of the upper wax layer in Nepenthes alata pitchers were studied using a cryo-scanning electron microscopy. Examination of pitchers of different ages revealed six stages in the wax coverage development. In the first stage, wax crystals resemble those found recently in mature pitches of N. dicksoniana and N. ven...

As the application of colored designs on cloth using wax in certain areas decorating items clothing, Batik is made through several steps that come from drawing pattern paper followed by imitating fabric, which called ngeblat. The next phase wax, mencanting. subsequent step process coloring Batik, pencoletan, and then subsequently color-locking covering with namely basic color dyeing. This menem...