Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as the major surface molecule of gram-negative bacteria, interacts with the host in complex ways, both inducing and protecting against aspects of inflammatory and adaptive immunity. The membrane-distal repeated carbohydrate structure of LPS, the O antigen, can prevent antibody functions and may vary as a mechanism of immune evasion. Genes of the wbm locus are required ...

By extending the Bonferroni mean operator to the intuitionistic fuzzy situation, we introduce a new kind of aggregating operator: the induced generalized weighted Bonferroni mean(I-GWBM) operator. The I-GWBM operator includes many famous aggregation operators for intuitionistic fuzzy sets(IFSs) as special cases. Then, we generalize the I-GWBM operator by using quasi-arithmetic means and propose...

Abstract Casing wear in directional drilling is inevitable and may result catastrophic failure of the casing column. It thus essential to understand its mechanisms quantify extent by estimating factor. In this research, actual field samples, pipe joints muds were considered. An in-house built testing facility was used test several L-80 samples considering three rotational speeds drill tool join...

Abstract. This paper describes the University of New Hampshire Water Balance Model, WBM, a process-based gridded global hydrologic model that simulates land surface components water cycle and includes extraction for use in agriculture domestic sectors. The WBM was first published 1989; here, we describe fully open-source version (v.1.0.0). Earlier descriptions methods provide foundation most re...

The obligate intracellular bacterium Wolbachia pipientis strain wPip induces cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), patterns of crossing sterility, in the Culex pipiens group of mosquitoes. The complete sequence is presented of the 1.48-Mbp genome of wPip which encodes 1386 coding sequences (CDSs), representing the first genome sequence of a B-supergroup Wolbachia. Comparisons were made with the sma...

We describe a novel genome integration system that enables the introduction of DNA fragments as large as 50 kbp into the chromosomes of recipient bacteria. This system, named BPI, comprises a bacterial artificial chromosome vector and phage-derived gene integration machinery. We introduced the wbm locus of Bordetella bronchiseptica, which is required for O antigen biosynthesis, into the chromos...

There are many challenges in testing of Graphical User Interface (GUI) applications due to its event driven nature and infinite input domain. Testing each and every possible combination of input require creating number of test cases to satisfy the adequacy criteria of GUI testing. It is not possible to test each and every test case within specified time frame. Therefore it is important to assig...

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute and highly contagious fatal disease of small ruminants mainly affecting sheep and goats, and camels. PPR is endemic disease in many developing and tropical countries including Pakistan, and vaccine is currently the only means of disease control. However, lack of established infrastructures and high temperature, maintaining cold chain for effective de...