We have extended an analytical workload model for estimating en route sector capacity to include the impact of convective weather. We use historical weather avoidance data to characterize weather blockage, which affects the sector workload in three ways: (1) Increase in the conflict resolution task rate via reduction in available airspace, (2) increase in the recurring task load through the rer...

BACKGROUND Heat wave and health warning systems are activated based on forecasts of health-threatening hot weather. OBJECTIVE We estimated heat-mortality associations based on forecast and observed weather data in Detroit, Michigan, and compared the accuracy of forecast products for predicting heat waves. METHODS We derived and compared apparent temperature (AT) and heat wave days (with hea...

The MLWFA (Multilingual Weather Forecasts Assistant) system will be demonstrated. It is developed to generate the multilingual text of the weather forecasts automatically. The raw data from the weather observation can be used to generate the weather element chart. According to the weather change trend, the forecasters can directly modify the value Of the element on the chart, such as the center...

This paper describes a system (RAREAS) which synthesizes marine weather forecasts directly from formatted weather data. Such synthesis appem~ feasible in certain natural sublanguages with stereotyped text structure. RAREAS draws on several kinds of linguistic and non-linguistic knowledge and mirrors a forecaster's apparent tendency to ascribe less precise temporal adverbs to more remote meteoro...

The forecasting of the passage of wind changes associated with dry cold fronts is vital to safe firefighting operations in southeastern Australia (Cheney et al. 2001), and the issuing of ‘Wind Change Forecast Charts’ is an important part of the Victorian, South Australian and New South Wales Regional Forecast Centres’ fire weather forecast product suite. While weather radars are most commonly u...

China Meteorological Administration (CMA) and regional centers have developed their own Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) operation systems, which work process is complicated, including data preprocessing, analysis, model forecast, post-processing, visualization and other aspects but were lack of a unified management and monitoring. Based on the demands of NWP operation systems, this article g...

The background error covariance matrix, B, is often used in variational data assimilation for numerical weather prediction as a static and hence poor approximation to the fully dynamic forecast error covariance matrix, P . In this paper the concept of an Ensemble Reduced Rank Kalman Filter (EnRRKF) is outlined. In the EnRRKF the forecast error statistics in a subspace defined by an ensemble of ...

A National Weather Service priority, as stated in the FY07-11 Baseline Assessment, is to “Disseminate and deliver NOAA’s information and services.” An important component of NOAA's information data base is the forecast data from NOAA Atmospheric, Ocean and Climate numerical weather prediction (NWP) models operationally prepared at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). Recomm...

NWP forecast performance has made great progress during the past decade due to a few important factors. First, the numerical forecast models at major numerical weather prediction (NWP) centres have improved tremendously due to more accurate physics parametrisation schemes and increased computing power, which permits the use of higher resolution forecast models. Second, more observations, more a...