objective(s) extensive use of quinolones has been associated with raising level of resistance. in the current, we focused on assessing the prevalence of escherichia coli resistance to quinolones and frequency of qnra, qnrb and qnrs in non esbls (extended spectrum beta-lactamases) and esbls producing e. coli with blashv and blatem. materials and methods one hundred and fifty e. coli isolates wer...

background blood infections are an extensive range of disorders that can vary from limited bacteremia to fatal septicemia. bacteremia refers to the transient presence of a bacterium in the bloodstream. a delay in the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis can cause mortality, with a 20% - 50% prevalence rate. objectives due to the changing patterns of antibiotic resistance, as well as differences in...

tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis and is the primary cause of mortality in the world. m. tuberculosis strains are important intracellular pathogens causing infection in oxygen-rich macrophages in the lungs. the emergence of aids, declined socioeconomic standards and a lessened emphasis on tb control programs have contributed to the disease resurgence. re...

the russian wheat aphid (rwa), diuraphis noxia has been known as a major pest of small grains, particularly wheat, worldwide. this study evaluated the biological responses of rwa to six wheat cultivars including yavarus, pishgam, aadl, omid, darab 2 and sepahan. the experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions of 25 ± 2 °c, 55 ± 10 % r. h. and a photoperiod of 16:8 (l: d) h. resistance ...

background: nowadays, nosocomial infection with multidrug-resistant acinetobacter is an important problem in the world, which is facing wide spectrum antibiotics and hence has become resistant. m aterials and methods: in this study, positive cultures of acinetobacter from one hundred clinical samples in seven hospitals from tehran during 2012-2013 were collected for checking antibiotic suscepti...

the effect of protein supplementation on athletic performance and hormonal changes was examined in 32 experienced collegiate strength/power athletes participating in a 12-week resistance training program. method: subjects were randomly assigned to either a protein supplement (pr; n = 22) or a placebo (pl; n = 10) group. during each testing session subjects were assessed for strength (one repet...

abstract background: inappropriate prescription of vancomycin has been shown to be asso- ciated with induction of antibiotic resistance. the objective of this study was to deter- mine the incidence of inappropriate use of vancomycin in a tertiary care hospital in iran. methods: a descriptive cross-sectional investigation was performed from september 2004 to march 2005 in all units of a general ...

many parasitic helminthes of veterinary importance have genetic features that favor development of anthelmintic resistance, this becoming a major worldwide constrain in livestock production. the de-velopment of anthelmintic resistance poses a large threat to future production and welfare of grazing animals. development of variable degrees of resistance among different species of gastrointestina...