Of the various renewable energy resources, wind power is widely recognized as one of the most promising. The management of wind farms and electricity systems can benefit greatly from the availability of estimates of the probability distribution of wind power generation. However, most research has focused on point forecasting of wind power. In this paper, we develop an approach to producing dens...

Wind speed and direction are important essential climate variables (ECVs). GNSS-R is an emerging remote sensing technique that can be potentially used to retrieve wind speed from space. However, few studies have addressed the wind direction retrieval from spaceborne GNSS-R observables, namely the Delay Doppler map (DDM). In this study, the feasibility of retrieving wind direction from the synth...

from the mathematical point of view, the fao penman-monteith equation shows a homographic function related to the wind speed. the homographic function has horizontal and vertical asymptotes. in this issue horizontal asymptote is applicable; because the vertical asymptote occurs for negative values of wind speed but the negative sign indicates the direction of the wind speed and only the absolut...

In this paper, a method for extracting wind parameters from rain-contaminated X-band nautical radar images is presented. The texture of the radar image is first generated based on spatial variability analysis. Through this process, the rain clutter in an image can be removed while the wave echoes are retained. The number of rain-contaminated pixels in each azimuthal direction of the texture is ...

‘1’hc smsitivitics of wind direction signals i)) ]Jassivc microwal’c brightness temperatures of sea surfaces to wind slwccl, incidcncc angle, polarization, and frequency are prwmted in this paper. ‘1’l)c cx]witncntal data were accluircd from ,a series of aircraft flights fro:n 1994 through 1996 by the Jet l’ropulsiorl Laboratory (JPL) using JP1i 19 and 37 G1lz polaritnetric radiometers (WINDRAI...

urbanization expanse and population growth, as well as pilgrim's possibility of some cities provide overuse of vehicles and consequently increased air pollution. thus by considering the importance of the impact of air pollution on human health, in this study, air pollution in terms of pm10 using psi standard index and inverse distance weighting is zoned in mashhad. on the other hand, meteo...

A sensitive processing method for extracting the wind direction from SAR (synthetic aperture radar) images is presented. We transfer SAR images to the image spectra using two-dimensional FFT (fast Fourier transform) and take the integral of the image spectra between the wave length 400 m and 800 m, which is high end containing wind direction signatures in Lband SAR. From this and a reference si...

Surface wind vector measurements over the oceans are vital for scientists and forecasters to understand the Earth's global weather and climate. In the last two decades operational measurements of global ocean wind speeds were obtained from passive microwave radiometers (SSM/I’s); and over this period, full ocean surface wind vector data were obtained from several NASA and ESA scatterometry miss...

Data of wind speed, wind direction and temperature obtained from a meteorological mast and a RASS sodar are contrasted. Wind data were compared at a height of 100 m and temperature at 51 and 100 m. 10 minute averages during the month of April 2001 were used. Wind speeds showed satisfactory correlation and the temperature fit was better at 100 m than at 51 m. Mast data were steadier than those f...

Air pollution is one of the most important environmental problems in the town of Bor, situated in the eastern of Serbia. The main source of air pollution with sulphur dioxide, heavy metals and other toxic and carcinogenic elements present in particulate matter (PM) and aero sediments is the Copper Mining and Smelting Complex Bor. The distribution of air pollutants is mainly determined by the co...