INTRODUCTION Mass production of mosquitoes under laboratory conditions allows implementing methods to control vector mosquitoes. Colony development depends on mosquito size and weight. Body size can be estimated from its correlation with wing size, whereas weight is more difficult to determine. Our goal was to test whether wing size can predict the weight. METHODS We compared dry weight and w...

This article discusses stress analysis and the shape characteristics of the inflatable wing, and then introduces the design method of inflatable wing, in order to accurately approximate a standard airfoil. It specifically analyses the aerodynamic characteristics of the inflatable wing with the method of CFD, along with comparing to standard airfoil, afterwards we carries out the manufacture of ...

We report a comprehensive scaling law and novel lift generation mechanisms relevant to the aerodynamic functions of structural flexibility in insect flight. Using a Navier-Stokes equation solver, fully coupled to a structural dynamics solver, we consider the hovering motion of a wing of insect size, in which the dynamics of fluid-structure interaction leads to passive wing rotation. Lift genera...

Wing drag reduction poses a real challenge in aerospace engineering. At the subsonic speed level, drag reduction can be achieved by increasing laminar flow over the wing. This work focuses on the development and validation of the numerical model of an experimental adaptive wing with improved laminar flow. The wing is composed of a rigid structure forming intrados and wing-box, flexible extrados...

The Drosophila gene Serrate (Ser) encodes a transmembrane protein with 14 epidermal growth factor--like repeats in its extracellular domain, which is required for the control of cell proliferation and pattern formation during wing development. Flies hetero- or homozygous for the dominant mutation SerD exhibit scalloping of the wing margin due to cell death during pupal stages. SerD is associate...

The wings in different insect species are morphologically distinct with regards to their size, outer contour (margin) shape, venation, and pigmentation. The basis of the diversity of wing margin shapes remains unknown, despite the fact that gene networks governing the Drosophila wing development have been well characterised. Among the different types of wing margin shapes, smoothly curved conto...

The power required by flapping and fixed wing vehicles in level flight is determined and compared. Based on a new modelling approach, the effects of flapping on the induced drag in flapping wing vehicles are mathematically described. It is shown that flapping causes a significant increase in the induced drag when compared with a non-flapping, fixed wing vehicle. There are two effects for that i...

How to efficiently mimic the wing shape and kinematics pattern of an able hovering living flier is always a concern of researchers from the flapping wing micro aerial vehicles community. In this work, the separate or combined optimizations of wing geometry or/and wing kinematic parameters are systematically performed to minimize the energy of hovering flight, firstly on the basis of analyticall...

Flapping-wing kinematics for insect flight has been studied for decades, especially since engineers became interested in flapping-wing micro air vehicles (FWMAVs). Previous work mainly focused on understanding kinematic patterns employed by different insects from the perspective of their trajectories and aerodynamics, and on optimization of kinematic parameters to enhance the understanding. How...

Right-wing extremism is a serious problem in many societies. A prominent hypothesis states that unemployment plays a crucial role for the occurrence of right-wing extremist crime. In this paper we empirically test this hypothesis. We use a previously not used data set which includes all officially recorded right-wing criminal acts in Germany. These data are recorded by the German Federal Crimin...