A study published in 1996 by the National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) indicated that 15% of cows culled from dairy herds in the United States were culled as a “direct effect” of lameness. This sounds reasonable until one considers that the “indirect effects” of lameness on production and reproduction are estimated to account for an additional 49.1% of culling in US herds. Although t...

Rubber flooring in dairy cows has been discussed controversially, because different studies found as well advantages as disadvantages regarding claw health. Until today little is known regarding the effect of rubber flooring on the reproductive performance of dairy cows. Therefore, the study aimed at comparing fertility and the milk yield of dairy cows on concrete or rubber flooring. Days to fi...

Adaptive variance flooring has previously been suggested as a method to help preventing over-fitting of variance parameters during training of HMMs. With this method, the average variance over some calibration data set is multiplied by a constant variance flooring factor to produce the variance floor. In this paper, experiments with adaptive variance flooring is presented, in which we try to op...

contamination control, reversible attachment is a concern. Particles on the floor that are not completely contained or trapped onto a surface will eventually, through air movement and vortices, become re-suspended into the air. Previous studies have shown that transfer of contamination by people walking across floors has one of the highest re-dispersal factors7. One of the measures commonly emp...

In residential heat pump systems, the motivation for secondary loop systems is to allow for the use of flammable or toxic refrigerants with lower global warming potentials than the currently employed HFC refrigerants. The addition of radiant panels as integral building components (embedded in concrete at construction or attached to the underside of wood flooring) is becoming more common. Combin...

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the basic density of wood and simulate performance flooring produced with from five tropical species: Dipteryx odorata (Cumaru), Handroanthus spp. (Ipê), Hymenaea Courbaril (Jatobá), Astronium Lecointei (Muiracatiara), Bowdichia virgilioides (Sucupira-Preta). Falling steel sphere, static dynamic friction, indentation caused by loads applied in small areas,...

This paper aims to address the export incentive mechanisms through a case study exploring advantages of Integrated Drawback system, in wood flooring company. A was conducted indicating inputs entered into system Suspension mode for laminate production process. The procedures required acquire using were described and taxes that will be suspended described. is an efficient public policy instrumen...