BACKGROUND The liberalisation of trade in services which began in 1995 under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has generated arguments for and against its potential health effects. Our goal was to explore the relationship between the liberalisation of services under the GATS and three health indicators--life expectancy (LE), under-5 mortalit...

* The views expressed in this paper are personal and should not be attributed to any of the institutions with which the authors are affiliated. Summary This paper discusses options that could be considered in the WTO to provide more favorable—so-called special and differential treatment (SDT)—to small and low-income countries. We argue that SDT should be limited to countries that most need it a...

Already, the formation of the WTO did not halt the proliferation of new RTAs. There has been an enormous increase in Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs) in the last twenty years. In fact, RTAs legitimacy is well recognised under GATT/WTO. By their very nature, such arrangements favour imports from members of the grouping and discriminate against imports from other countries. This departure fro...

The People’s Republic of China has ratified four of the eight core ILO labour Conventions. In view of severe restrictions on trade union rights and the prevalence of child labour and forced labour as well as discrimination, determined measures are needed to comply with the commitments WTO members accepted at Singapore, Geneva and Doha in the WTO Ministerial Declarations over 1996-2001, and in t...

It well known that tire as a waste from vihicles susch passengger car, truck and trailller. Indonesia country has enough potensial of waste, it was produced about 11 millions ton per years. This phenomena could be serious environmental problem because difficult dissolve by environment. is needs to solve this issue convert the oil fuels. The main focus research evaluate performance diesel engine...

Background Gene co-expression network analyses have become a central approach for the systems-level analysis of biological data. Several software packages exist for generating and analyzing such networks, either from correlation scores or the absolute value of a transformed score called weighted topological overlap (wTO). However, since some genes are able to upor down-regulate other genes, it ...

Given China’s impending membership of the WTO, this paper makes a first attempt to predict China’s negotiating strategy in the current agricultural trade negotiations in the light of its food policy objectives, trade position and its accession offer on agriculture. China’s interests with respect to market access are seen as closer to the EU position in the negotiations, while its interests rega...

W hen then European Union Trade Commissioner Pascal Lamy returned from the 1999 World Trade Organization (WTO) ministerial in Seattle, where gas-choked streets overflowing with tens of thousands of protesters had signaled the emergence of a worldwide movement against ‘‘corporate-led globalization,’’ he expressed support for broadening the input taken on trade-rules formation. One lesson of the ...

Using a CGE model, PRCGEM, with an updated 2002 I/O table, this paper explores how earnings will be affected in each of 40 separate industries across 31 regions (or 8 regional blocks) of China for the period 2002–07. Labour movement between regions within China is considered. It is found that the direct contribution of WTO membership is small to the whole economy in terms of growth and developm...