Background: Regarding the increasing resistance of bacteria against antibiotics and existence antibacterial compounds in plants, we here investigated antimicrobial effects methanolic extracts several plants on pathogenic bacteria. Methods: Ten grams dry ingredients Eryngiumcaucasicumtrautv (leaf), Saponariaofficinalis (flower), Froriepiasubpinnata MalvaSylvestris Urticadioica (leaf) was poured ...

The ionic state of single internodal cells of a fresh water characean, Nitella translucens, has been studied. In mature cells the vacuolar concentrations were 78 mM K, 60 mM Na, and 151 mM Cl, compared with concentrations of 0.1 mM K, 1.0 mM Na, and 1.3 mM Cl in the bathing medium. The results suggest an active influx of potassium and an active efflux of sodium at the plasmalemma, and an active...