OBJECTIVE To investigate human sperm responsiveness to the estrogenic xenobiotic genistein and seek further information regarding the mechanism of action of estrogenic xenobiotics using mouse spermatozoa. METHODS Uncapacitated human spermatozoa were incubated with genistein and assessed using chlortetracycline (CTC) fluorescence. CTC was also used to evaluate mouse sperm responses to daidzein...

The causes of the current global decline in honey bee health are unknown. One major group of hypotheses invokes the pesticides and other xenobiotics to which this important pollinator species is often exposed. Most studies have focused on mortality or behavioral deficiencies in exposed honey bees while neglecting other biological functions and target organs. The midgut epithelium of honey bees ...

The cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases are an extremely important metabolic system involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. The number of P450s in a given insect species currently ranges from 48 in Apis mellifera to 164 in Aedes aegypti. For nearly forty years studies of insect P450s have focused primarily on metabolism of xenobiotics, including studies of insec...

Electrochemistry (EC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) has already been successfully applied to metabolism research for pharmaceutical applications, especially for the oxidation behaviour of drug substances. Xenobiotics (chemicals in the environment) also undergo various conversions; some of which are oxidative reactions. Therefore, EC-MS might be a suitable tool for the investigation of oxida...

Albumin, the major serum protein, binds a wide variety of lipophilic compounds including steroids, other lipophilic hormones and various phytochemicals and xenobiotics that bind to receptors for steroids and other lipophilic hormones. Despite albumin's low affinity (K(d) approximately 10(-4) M to 10(-6) M) for these lipophilic compounds, the high concentration of albumin in serum makes this pro...

Biological treatment methods for the biodegradation of anthropogenic toxic pollutants are eco-friendly in nature and powered by a variety microbial enzymes. Green chemistry enzymes play crucial role catalyzing organic inorganic including azo dyes; polyaromatic hydrocarbons; lead; cyanides; aromatic amines; mono-, di-, polyphenols; polymers; mercury. Laccases form prospective group multifunction...

Many xenobiotics produce hepatic injury due to their metabolism in the liver to highly reactive electrophile intermediates which form covalent conjugates with nucleophilic cellular constituents. This presentation describes studies indicating that the production of chemically reactive metabolites by pulmonary metabolism of xenobiotics can also play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of chemi...