BACKGROUND Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for xylose fermentation into fuel ethanol has oftentimes relied on insertion of a heterologous pathway that consists of xylose reductase (XR) and xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) and brings about isomerization of xylose into xylulose via xylitol. Incomplete recycling of redox cosubstrates in the catalytic steps of the NADPH-preferring XR a...

Fi(r, y1, . . . , yn) = 0 ∀i has a solution (y1, . . . , yn) ∈ R iff r ∈ D. Equivalently, if there is a (possibly reducible) algebraic variety XR over R and a morphism π : XR → A 1 R such that D = π(XR(R)). In this situation we call dioph(XR, π) := π(XR(R)) ⊂ R the diophantine set corresponding to XR and π. A characterization of diophantine subsets of Z was completed in connection with Hilbert’...

Plants respond to synthetic chemicals by eliciting a xenobiotic response (XR) that enhances the expression of detoxifying enzymes such as glutathione transferases (GSTs). In agrochemistry, the ability of safeners to induce an XR is used to increase herbicide detoxification in cereal crops. Based on the responsiveness of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to the rice safener fenclorim (4,6-dic...

Although static magnetic fields (SMFs) are used extensively in the occupational and medical fields, few comprehensive studies have investigated their possible genotoxic effect and the findings are controversial. With the advent of magnetic resonance imaging-guided radiation therapy, the potential effects of SMFs on ionizing radiation (IR) have become increasingly important. In this study we foc...

Living Xiphinema americanum (Xa) and X. rivesi (Xr) extracted from soil samples and stored for 1-5 days at 4 or 20 C contained aseptate fungal hyphae. The fungi directly penetrated the nematode's cuticle from spores encysted near the head. Penetration through the stoma, vulva, or anus was rare. Catenaria anguillulae (Cat), Lagenidium caudatura (Lag), Aphanomyces sp. (Aph), and Leptolegnia sp. (...

The purpose of this paper is to use the Fuzzy Set Theory, specially fuzzy rule-based systems, as a mathematical tool for modeling dynamical systems given by differential equation, whose direction field is f (IVP-f ). As fuzzy systems methodology produces input-output systems, that is, it produces m outputs from n inputs, one can see it as fr : R → R, where r is the number of rules of the rule b...

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We consider arbi ofhigbCnensi088at reaHlagvarietiespPp " an arrangements with the sum of the violation of this the Mayer-Vietoris spectral sequence in aBe term for some class of ikywds: Flag variety, ubcrt cell decom M-property, Mayer-Vietoris spectral sequence. The well-known Smith inequalitv implis that for arr d&$t:ti XR we have C 6i(XR) G C bi(Xcj, where bi denotes the coefficients in Z/22 ...

Although East African black athletes dominate endurance running events, it is unknown whether black and white endurance runners with similar racing ability, matched for training, may differ in their skeletal muscle biochemical phenotype. Thirteen Xhosa (XR) and 13 Caucasian (CR) endurance runners were recruited and matched for 10-km performance, average preferred racing distance (PRD(A)), and t...

UNLABELLED We prospectively evaluated the degree of absolute agreement between measurements of lateral center-edge angle (LCEA) on plain radiography (XR) and computed tomography (CT) in a consecutive cohort of 205 patients (410 hips) undergoing hip arthroscopy. Preoperative measurements of the LCEA were performed bilaterally utilizing standardized anteroposterior radiographs and coronal reforma...