A new approach to indexing a specialized database by utilizing the color and spatial domain knowledge available for the database is described. This approach is illustrated by using it to provide a solution to the problem of indexing images of flowers for searching a flower patents database by color. The flower region is isolated from the background by using an automatic iterative segmentation a...

Eight African marigold varieties (`Nari `(orange), `Bindi`(orange), `Bali` (orange), `Little Duck `(orange), `Bali` (yellow), `Bali` (gold), `Little Duck` (yellow) and `Eagle` (yellow) were comparatively studies for growth habit and flowering quality in open field condition at Training Centre for Floriculture and Landscaping, Directorate of Floriculture, Lahore during 2018-2019. Among the varie...

Pollinator foraging behavior has direct consequences for plant reproduction and has been implicated in driving floral trait evolution. Exploring the degree to which pollinators exhibit flexibility in foraging behavior will add to a mechanistic understanding of how pollinators can impact selection on plant traits. Although plants have evolved suites of floral traits to attract pollinators, flowe...

We describe a solution to the problem of indexing images of flowers for searching a flower patents database by color. We use a natural language color classification derived from the ISCC-NBS color system and the X Window color names to effectively use the domain knowledge available, provide perceptually correct retrieval and allow natural language queries. We have developed an automatic iterati...

Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) is a famous ornamental plant, and the study of its flower color great significance for cultivating new varieties. To explore factors driving formation change herbaceous color, we selected five varieties at four flowering stages to determine in petal area, microstructure. We also examined composition content pigments, soluble sugar protein content, pH ...

A breeder can select a visually appealing phenotype, whether for ornamentation or landscaping. However, the organic vision is not accurate and objective, making it challenging to bring reliable phenotyping intervention into implementation. Therefore, objective of this study was develop an innovative solution predict intensity flower’s color upon external shape crop. We merged single linear iter...

Flower color is a main target for flower breeding. A transgenic approach for flower color modification requires a transgene and a flower-specific promoter. Here, we expressed the B-peru gene encoding a basic helix loop helix (bHLH) transcription factor (TF) together with the mPAP1 gene encoding an R2R3 MYB TF to enhance flower color in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), using the tobacco anthocyan...

W1, W3, W4, and Wm genes control flower color, whereas T and Td genes control pubescence color in soybean. W1, W3, Wm, and T are presumed to encode flavonoid 3'5'-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.88), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (EC 1.1.1.219), flavonol synthase (EC 1.14.11.23), and flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.21), respectively. The objective of this study was to determine the structure of the ...

Identifying the molecular genetic basis of traits contributing to speciation is of crucial importance for understanding the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms that generate biodiversity. Despite several examples describing putative "speciation genes," it is often uncertain to what extent these genetic changes have contributed to gene flow reductions in nature. Therefore, considerable intere...