The early social and communicative development of very young siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the focus of the current study. Three groups of children were included: (1) young children diagnosed with ASD, (2) younger siblings in families with a somewhat older child with ASD, and (3) young typically developing children. All children participated in a videotaped, struct...

fibroblasts [3]. Its action is basically opposed to that of TNF-a, which is a rather inflammatory cytokine [2]. It is considered, as well as IL-4, a major IL in the T-helper cell type 2 immune response [4]. Interestingly, IL-10 levels have been found to be high in rat tissues with pulmonary fibrosis, while in rats with IL-10 deficiency, the inflammatory response has been found to be more intens...

Discitis is uncommon in children and presents in different ways at different ages. It is most difficult to diagnose in the uncommunicative toddler of one to three years of age. We present 11 consecutive cases. The non-specific clinical features included refusal to walk (63%), back pain (27%), inability to flex the lower back (50%) and a loss of lumbar lordosis (40%). Laboratory tests were unhel...

Previous investigations of stereopsis in children have found that stereoacuity improves gradually over time and does not reach adult levels until well into childhood. The unusually protracted period of development implied by these data is at odds with the development of other visual capacities, such as acuity, contrast sensitivity, increment thresholds, and flicker fusion. When tested on those ...

Traffic accident statistics in various countries show that young children are one of the age groups which are most affected, both as pedestrians and as cyclists. In Sweden, when accidents involving children are discussed it is often said that these accidents are caused by children's carelessness, incautiousness, and rashness. Such points of view are put forward in verdicts in traffic cases in w...

Research studies of laughter in children are reviewed, and a model describing eliciting conditions for laughter and related behavior is described. Following Spencer (1860), Berlyne (I960), and others, it is proposed that laughter occurs after conditions of heightened tension or arousal when at the same time there is a judgment that the situation is safe or inconsequential. The special case of l...

AIM Participation in home, extracurricular, and community activities is a desired outcome of rehabilitation services for children and young people with cerebral palsy (CP). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of age and gross motor function on participation among children and young people with CP. METHOD Five hundred participants (277 males, 223 females) were grouped by ag...

BACKGROUND Despite recommendations for children to have a dental visit by the age of 1 year, access to dental care for young children, including children enrolled in Medicaid, remains limited. The authors conducted a survey to assess the availability of dentists to see young children enrolled in Medicaid managed care (MMC) in New York City (NYC), to determine barriers to the provision of dental...

This study researched the experiences of homeless families with young children between the ages of four and eight. Many families experience homelessness every year; therefore, it is important for early childhood educators to have an understanding of how homelessness affects families with young children so that educators can effectively serve the needs of homeless families as they seek to find m...